In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 1317-39-1, name is Copper(I) oxide, introducing its new discovery. 1317-39-1
Tetralin esters of phenols or benzoic acids having retinoid like activity
Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula STR1 where the R groups are independently hydrogen, or lower alkyl; A is –C(O)O–, –OC(O)–, –C(O)S–, or –SC(O)–; n is 0-5; and Z is H, –COB where B is –OH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or B is –OR 1 where R 1 is an ester-forming group, or B is –N(R) 2 where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or Z is –OE where E is hydrogen or an ether-forming group or –COR 2 where R 2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkyl phenyl, or Z is –CHO or an acetal derivative thereof, or Z is –COR 3 where R 3 is –(CH 2) m CH 3 where m is 0-4 and the sum of n and m does not exceed 4.
Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions.1317-39-1, you can also check out more blogs about1317-39-1
Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”