Properties and Exciting Facts About Cuprous thiocyanate

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Two distinct Cu(I) coordination polymers based on isoniazid and different bridged groups

Two coordination polymers of [CuSCN(INH)] n (1) and [CuCl(INH)] n (2) have been synthesized (where INH = isoniazid). Their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and both of them belong to monoclinic system. The Cu(I) ions in 1 and 2 all adopt distorted tetrahedral geometries. The complex 1 belongs to Cc space group and the cell parameters are: a = 44.370(2) A, b = 3.811(3) A, c = 30.2800(19) A, beta = 132.87(3) and Z = 4. The Cu(I) ion in 1 is coordinated to three SCN groups and one INH ligand and such coordination model result in a 2D networks construction. Complex 2 crystallizes in the P21/c space group and the cell parameters are: a = 7.0319(13) A, b = 18.367(3) A, c = 6.0644(11) A, beta = 93.466(2) and Z = 4. Each copper atom in 2 is ligated by two INH ligands and two chlorine groups. Two copper atoms are asymmetrically bridged by two chlorine ligands to form a Cu2Cl 2 unit. Each Cu2Cl2 fragment is bridged by four INH groups to form a 2D layer structure.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Antibacterial susceptibility of new copper(II) N-pyruvoyl anthranilate complexes against marine bacterial strains ? In search of new antibiofouling candidate

Biofouling is a serious problem and very difficult to overcome, since the marine biofilm-producing microorganisms resist the host defense mechanism and antibiotic therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent anti-biofouling agent to effectively eradicate unwanted biofilms. Our work represents antibacterial susceptibility and antibiofilm forming assay of new copper(II) N-pyruvoyl anthranilate architectures (4a?d) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, marine isolates. The preliminary biofilm susceptibility tests revealed that, the most potent staphylococcalcidal (MIC/MBC?=?9.25/10.50?mM) and E. coli-cidal (MIC/MBC?=?13.25/13.50?mM) agent, 4d, exhibits significant biofilm inhibition. Complex 4d can therefore provide an antibiofilm-forming agent candidate to curb the formation of biofilms.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Synthesis, structure, electrochemical properties and superoxide radical scavenging activities of two thiocyanate copper(II) complexes with different pyridyl-benzoxazole ligands

Reaction of 2-(2?-pyridyl)benzoxazole (2-PBO) or 2-(4?-pyridyl)benzoxazole (4-PBO) ligands with CuSCN afforded two thiocyanate copper (II) complexes, Cu(2-PBO) (SCN)2 (1) and Cu(4-PBO)2(SCN)2 (2), have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV?Vis, IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural analysis reveals that although the structures of complexes 1?2 are both four coordinated and show plane quadrilateral structure, the distorted of complex 1 is greater than 2. The cyclic voltammogram of complexes 1?2 represent quasi-reversible Cu2+/Cu+ pairs. The superoxide radical scavenging test in vitro showed that complex 1?2 had significant antioxidant activity on superoxide radicals, and the activity of complex 2 was higher than that of 1. This may be due to the structure of complex 2 being closer to the Cu, Zn-SOD.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Chemical synthesis of Cd-free wide band gap materials for solar cells

Chemical methods are nowadays very attractive, since they are relatively simple, low cost and convenient for larger area deposition of thin films. In this paper, we outline our work related to the synthesis and characterization of some wide band gap semiconducting material thin films prepared by using solution methods, namely, chemical bath deposition and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). The optimum preparative parameters are given and respective structural, surface morphological, compositional, optical, and electrical properties are described. Some materials we used in solar cells as buffer layers and achieved remarkable results, which are summarized.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Thiocyanato complexes of the coinage metals: Synthesis and crystal structures of the polymeric pyridine complexes [AgxCuy(SCN)x+y(py)z]

From solutions of CuSCN or AgSCN in pyridine, several pyridine complexes of the thiocyanates with varying compositions and crystal structures were isolated depending on the reaction conditions. In CuSCN and in the orthorhombic modification of AgSCN the SCN- anions co-ordinate to four metal atoms as 1,1,1,3-mu4 bridges, whereas the degree of bridging decreases with increasing amounts of pyridine in the polymeric complexes [Cu(SCN)(py)z] and [Ag(SCN)(py)z] (z = 1 or 2). The distorted tetrahedral co-ordination of the metal atoms is preserved by co-ordination of pyridine ligands. Especially in the heteronuclear complexes [AgCu(SCN)2(py)4], [AgCu(SCN)2(py)3] and [Ag2Cu(SCN)3(py)3], interesting variants of structures result from the different possible modes of co-ordination of the SCN- ligand and from the preferred co-ordination of the “soft” S atoms to the “soft” Ag+ ions as defined by Pearson’s hard and soft acid and base principle.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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HYDROXYLAMINE DERIVATIVES

The invention concerns hydroxylamine derivatives of the formula I wherein R4 is hydrogen, carbamoyl, (1-4C)alkyl, (2-5C)alkanoyl, N-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl; R5 includes hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl and (2-5C)alkanoyl; R is hydrogen, (14C)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-(1.-4C)alkyl; R7 is hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl; Ar1 is phenylene; A1 is a direct link to X1, or Al is (1-4C)alkylene; X1 is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl; Ar2 is phenylene, pyridinediyl, pyrimidinediyl, thiophenediyl, furandiyl, thiazolediyl, oxazolediyl, thiadiazolediyl or exadiazolediyl; R1 is (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl or (3-4C)alkynyl; and R2 and R3 together form a group of the fornula-A2- X2-A3- which together with the carbon atom to which A2 and A3 are attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A2 and A3 is independently (1-3C)alkylene and X2 is oxy, thio, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or imino; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof; processes for their manufacture; pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Discovery of Cuprous thiocyanate

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Chalcogenoniobates as reagents for the synthesis of new heterobimetallic niobium coinage metal chalcogenide clusters

In the presence of phosphine chalcogenoniobates such as Li3[NbS4] ¡¤ 4 CH3CN (I), (NEt4)4[Nb6S17] ¡¤ 3 CH3CN (II) and (NEt4)2[NbE?3(EBu)] (IIIa: E? = E = S; IIIb: E = Se, E? = S; III c: E = E? = Se) respectively react with copper and gold salts to give a number of new heterobimetallic niobium copper(gold) chalcogenide clusters. These clusters show metal chalcogenide units already known from the complex chemistry of the tetrachalcogenometalates [ME4]n- (M = V, n = 3, E = S; M = Mo, W, n = 2, E = S, Se). The compounds 1-8 owe a central tetrahedral [NbE4] structural unit, which coordinates eta2 from two to five coinage metal atoms, employing the chalcogenide atoms of the [NbE4] edges. The compounds 9-11 have a [M?2Nb2E4] (M? = Cu, Au) heterocubane unit in common, involving a metal metal bond between the niobium atoms, while the compounds 12 and 13 show a complete and 14 an incomplete [M?3NbE3X] heterocubane structure (X = Cl, Br). 15 consists of a Cu6Nb2 cube with the six planes capped by mu4 bridging selenide ligands forming an octahedra. The compounds 1-15 are listed below: (NEt4)?1[Cu2NbSe 2S2(dppe)2] ¡¤ 2 DMF (1), [Cu3NbS4(PPh3)4] (2), [Au3NbSe4(PPh3)4] ¡¤ Et2O (3), [Cu4NbS4Cl(PCy3)4] (4), [Cu4NbS4Cl(PBu3)4] ¡¤ 0,5 DMF (5), [Cu4NbSe4(NCS)(PBu3)4] ¡¤ DMF (6), [Cu4NbS4(NCS)(dppm)4] ¡¤ Et2O (7), [Cu5NbSe4Cl2(dppm)4] ¡¤ 3 DMF (8), [Cu2Nb2S4Cl2(PMe3) 6] ¡¤ DMF (9), [Au2Nb2Se4Cl2(PMe3) 6] ¡¤ DMF (10), (NEt4)2[Cu3Nb2S 4(NCS)5(dppm)2(dmf)] ¡¤ 4 DMF (11), [Cu3NbS3Br(PPh3)3(dmf) 3]Br ¡¤ [CuBr(PPh3)3] ¡¤ PPh3 ¡¤ OPPh3 ¡¤ 3 DMF (12), [Cu3NbS3Cl2(PPh3) 3(dmf)2] ¡¤ 1.5 DMF (13), (NEt4)[Cu3NbSe3Cl3(dmf)3] (14), [Cu6Nb2Se6O2(PMe3) 6] (15). The structures of these compounds were obtained by X-ray single crystal structure analysis. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, 2001.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Copper catalysed oxidation of thiosulfate by oxygen in gold leach solutions

The environmental and public concern over the continued use of cyanide in the recovery of gold has grown in recent times due to a number of recently publicised environmental incidents. Of the alternative lixiviants, thiosulfate appears to be the most promising, though the considerable amount of research conducted on thiosulfate leaching of gold over the last three decades has not resulted in its commercial introduction. Perhaps the largest contributing factor to this is the poor understanding of the thiosulfate leach solution chemistry, especially the oxidation of thiosulfate in the presence of copper(II) and oxygen. It has been shown in this research that the oxidation of thiosulfate in the presence of copper(II) and oxygen is very complex with the rates of copper(II) reduction and thiosulfate oxidation being significantly faster in the presence of oxygen. The higher initial rate of copper(II) reduction indicated that oxygen increases the rate of copper(II) reduction to copper(I) by thiosulfate, though the mechanism for this remains unclear. The rates of thiosulfate oxidation and copper(II) reduction were also shown to be affected differently by the presence of anions. This is consistent with thiosulfate oxidation occurring via two mechanisms, with one of these mechanisms involving the oxidation of thiosulfate by copper(II) and the other involving the oxidation of thiosulfate by the intermediate superoxide and hydroxide radicals formed as a result of copper(I) oxidation by oxygen. The effect of various parameters on the rate of thiosulfate oxidation and the copper(II) concentration are also shown.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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High-Efficiency Fullerene Solar Cells Enabled by a Spontaneously Formed Mesostructured CuSCN-Nanowire Heterointerface

Fullerenes and their derivatives are widely used as electron acceptors in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells as they combine high electron mobility with good solubility and miscibility with relevant semiconducting polymers. However, studies on the use of fullerenes as the sole photogeneration and charge-carrier material are scarce. Here, a new type of solution-processed small-molecule solar cell based on the two most commonly used methanofullerenes, namely [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM), as the light absorbing materials, is reported. First, it is shown that both fullerene derivatives exhibit excellent ambipolar charge transport with balanced hole and electron mobilities. When the two derivatives are spin-coated over the wide bandgap p-type semiconductor copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ?1%, are obtained. Blending the CuSCN with PC70BM is shown to increase the performance further yielding cells with an open-circuit voltage of ?0.93 V and a PCE of 5.4%. Microstructural analysis reveals that the key to this success is the spontaneous formation of a unique mesostructured p?n-like heterointerface between CuSCN and PC70BM. The findings pave the way to an exciting new class of single photoactive material based solar cells.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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p-Doping of Copper(I) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) Hole-Transport Layers for High-Performance Transistors and Organic Solar Cells

The ability to tune the electronic properties of soluble wide bandgap semiconductors is crucial for their successful implementation as carrier-selective interlayers in large area opto/electronics. Herein the simple, economical, and effective p-doping of one of the most promising transparent semiconductors, copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), using C60F48 is reported. Theoretical calculations combined with experimental measurements are used to elucidate the electronic band structure and density of states of the constituent materials and their blends. Obtained results reveal that although the bandgap (3.85 eV) and valence band maximum (?5.4 eV) of CuSCN remain unaffected, its Fermi energy shifts toward the valence band edge upon C60F48 addition?an observation consistent with p-type doping. Transistor measurements confirm the p-doping effect while revealing a tenfold increase in the channel’s hole mobility (up to 0.18 cm2 V?1 s?1), accompanied by a dramatic improvement in the transistor’s bias-stress stability. Application of CuSCN:C60F48 as the hole-transport layer (HTL) in organic photovoltaics yields devices with higher power conversion efficiency, improved fill factor, higher shunt resistance, and lower series resistance and dark current, as compared to control devices based on pristine CuSCN or commercially available HTLs.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”