The Absolute Best Science Experiment for 1111-67-7

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Stability of organometal halide perovskite solar cells and role of HTMs: Recent developments and future directions

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as one of the most exciting fields of research of our time, and the World Economic Forum in 2016 recognized them as one of the top 10 technologies in 2016. With 22.7% power conversion efficiency, PSCs are poised to revolutionize the way power is produced, stored and consumed. However, the widespread use of PSCs requires addressing the stability issue. Therefore, it is now time to focus on the critical step i.e. stability under the operating conditions for the development of a sustainable and durable PV technology based on PSCs. In order to improve the stability of PSCs, hole transport materials (HTMs) have been considered as the paramount components. This is due to the fact that most of the organic HTMs possess a hygroscopic and acidic nature that leads to poor stability of the PSCs. This article reviews briefly but comprehensively the environmental stability issues of PSCs, fundamentals, strategies for improvement, the role of HTMs towards stability and various types of HTMs. Also the environmental parameters affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells including temperature, moisture and light soaking environment have been considered.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 13395-16-9, name is Bis(acetylacetone)copper, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 13395-16-9

Colloidal CZTS nanoparticles and films: Preparation and characterization

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) compound semiconductor has the advantage of good matching with solar radiation in optical band-gap, large absorption coefficient, non-toxic and especially large abundance ratios of elements, so that CZTS has been considered as a good absorber layer used for the thin-film solar cells with most industrialization promising and environment friendly. In the present work, colloidal CZTS nanocrystals (average size ~8-16 nm) with the band gap of ~1.5 eV were synthesized via wet-chemical processing, using oleylamine (OLA) as solvent and capping molecules. The colloids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The structure and morphology of nanocrystals were influenced with the reaction temperature. The resulting nanocrystals were kesterite-phase CZTS when the reaction temperature was lower, but were wurtzite-phase CZTS when the reaction temperature above 275 C. The CZTS films on glass substrates were prepared by drop-casting, from the colloidal 10 wt% CZTS-toluene solution where the CZTS colloids were synthesized at 260 C with three different recipes. The resulting films with different heat-treatments were investigated by XRD, SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Densified CZTS films (5 lm in thickness) could be obtained by drying and sintering in vacuum. The CZTS films have the band-gap around 1.6-2.0 eV, due to Zn rich and S poor in the films. The dark conductivity and photoconductivity under AM 1.5 irradiation of the CZTS films on ITO glass substrates with different heat-treatments were measured by the AC impedance method.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn¡¯t involve a screen. Copper(I) oxide,introducing its new discovery. Safety of Copper(I) oxide

Disubstituted xanthone carboxylic acid compounds

Compositions containing and methods employing, as the essential ingredient, novel disubstituted xanthone carboxylic acid compounds which are useful in the treatment of allergic conditions. Methods for preparing these compounds and compositions and intermediates therein are also disclosed. 5-Methylsulfinyl-7-isopropoxyxanthone-2-carboxylic acid and 5,7-di(methylsulfinyl)xanthone-2-carboxylic acid are illustrated as representative compounds.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

A new application about Cuprous thiocyanate

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Related Products of 1111-67-7, Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Article, and a compound is mentioned, 1111-67-7, Cuprous thiocyanate, introducing its new discovery.

Assembly of novel 2D and 3D heterometallic SbIII-CuI polymers based on antimony(III) thiolates as metallothiolato ligands

A new type of neutral heterometallic SbIII-CuI thiolate coordination polymer has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using antimony(III) thiolates as metalloligands and CuSCN as the source of the second metal ion. Reaction of [Sb(edt)Cl] (1) (edt = ethane-1,2-dithiolate) with 1 equivalent of CuSCN affords [{Sb2(edt) 2(mu3-S)CuCl(CuSCN)}n] (2), which features a 2D layer consisted of -CuSCNCuSCN-chains and {Sb2(edt) 2(mu3-S)CuCl} units. During the reaction, 1 was converted into a sulfur-bridged dimer Sb(edt)2S, which behaves simultaneously as a bridging and chelating ligand through all of its sulfur atoms to connect four Cu+ ions in the framework structure of 2. Replacement of Cl- in 1 with pymt-gives a new antimony(III) thiolate formulated as [Sb(edt)-(pymt)] (3) (pymt = 2-pyrimidinethiol), which was further treated with CuSCN to afford coordination polymers [{[Sb(edt)(pymt)] 2(CuSCN)3}n] (4) and [{[Sb(edt)(pymt)]-(CuSCN) 2}n] (5). In the assemblies of 4 and 5, the structure of 3 remains intact and the whole compound serves as a multidentate ligand through Sedt and Npymt atoms to Cu+ ions. Complex 4 also contains -CuSCNCuSCN- chains, which are linked by tridentate {Sb(edt)(pymt)} fragments to form a 2D polymer. Complex 5 is a 3D architecture with {Sb(edt)(pymt)} units acting as bidentate bridging ligand to link the (CuSCN)n layers and {(CuSCN)2}n columns. Complexes 2-5 showed optical transitions with band gaps of 2.66 to 3.41 eV, and their optical properties were studied by DFT calculations. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2009.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Aromatic isothiazolopyridines: New direct synthetic approaches

Alternative synthetic route to the title ring systems were examined: the isothiazolopyridines 5a,b and 10 were obtained by single step procedures from pyridine derivatives.

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Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Extracurricular laboratory:new discovery of Copper(I) oxide

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Synthetic Route of 1317-39-1, Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Patent, and a compound is mentioned, 1317-39-1, Copper(I) oxide, introducing its new discovery.

Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines substituted with a thienyl, thiazolyl, or thiadiazolyl group

Certain novel substituted imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines with a substituted amino group at the 2- or 3- position and a heterocyclic moiety on the pyrido portion of the molecule are active anthelmintic agents. The heterocyclic moiety is connected to the imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine molecule through an oxygen, sulfur, sulfinyl or sulfone. The novel compounds are prepared from the appropriately substituted 2-amino pyridine precursor. Compositions which utilize said novel imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines as the active ingredient thereof for the treatment of helminthiasis are also disclosed.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions.Electric Literature of 1317-39-1, you can also check out more blogs aboutElectric Literature of 1317-39-1

Electric Literature of 1317-39-1, Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Patent, and a compound is mentioned, 1317-39-1, Copper(I) oxide, introducing its new discovery.

N,N-DI-ALKYL(PHENOXY)BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula: STR1 and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Z can be: STR2 wherein R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, when n is greater than 1, each R 3 can be the same or different; and n is an integer from 1 to 3;

R 1 and R 2 can each independently be hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl, or cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms which can optionally be substituted at one or more positions by alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is oxygen, sulfur, NR 4, wherein R 4 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, C=O, CHOH, or CH 2 ; Y is hydrogen, alkoxy, halogen, alkyl, or hydroxy; and m is an integer from 0 to 3. The compounds are antagonists of platlet-activating factor (PAF).

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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X-RAY FLUORESCENT SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF THE CHARGE STATE OF HETEROATOMS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF THIRD ROW ELEMENTS. 7. THIOCYANATES AND ISOTHIOCYANATES

We propose an x-ray spectral criterion as a characteristic of organic and inorganic thiocyanates and iosthiocyanates.We establish the lack of interaction between the level of the unshared electron pair of sulfur and the ?CN-orbitals in thiocyanates.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Aerobic oxidation of substituted phenols catalysed by metal acetylacetonates in the presence of 3-methylbutanal

The aerobic oxidation of substituted phenols with the catalytic system M(acac)n/3-methylbutanal/O2 has been investigated. Co(acac)2 and Mn(acac)3 promoted the transformation of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,6-di-t-butylphenol into their corresponding diphenoquinones and benzoquinones. In the oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, the same catalysts yielded 32-34% of the relevant biphenol. Cu(acac)2 converted 2-naphthol into 1,1?-bi-2-naphthol with 84% yield. Supported Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes have also been used as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of 2,6-di-t-butylphenol and 2-naphthol, respectively.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of Cuprous thiocyanate

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Dependence of Tc on hydrostatic pressure in beta?-(ET)2SF5CH2CF2SO 3 and kappa-(ET)2Cu(NCS)2

The dependence of Tc on hydrostatic (He-gas) pressure is determined for the recently discovered organic superconductor beta?-(ET)2SF5CH2CF2SO 3 [ET = bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene] with Tc(0) ? 5 K, yielding the pressure derivative dTc/dP ? -1.34 K kbar-1. The present experiments also included kappa-(ET)2Cu(NCS)2 where we find the extremely large value dTc/dP ? -3.84 K kbar-1, in agreement with earlier studies. For both samples the pressure dependence Tc(P) does not depend on the temperature at which the pressure is changed.

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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”