In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 1111-67-7, name is Cuprous thiocyanate, introducing its new discovery. SDS of cas: 1111-67-7
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COPPER(I) COMPOUNDS AS CATALYSTS THE COUPLING OF PHENYLLITHIUM WITH PRIMARY ALKYL HALIDES AND TOSYLATES
Various uncomplexed and complexed Cu(I) salts, Li2CUCl4, Li2CuCl3, Ph2CuLi and PhCu, have been tested as catalysts in the coupling reactions of phenyllithium with 2-chloroethanol, ethyl bromide, 2-chloroethyl tosylate and ethyl tosylate. CuBr.Me2S, CuCN, CuI.PBu3-n and CuI have been found to be most effective and selective catalysts in diethyl ether, respectively, for these couplings. The catalytic activity in Cu(I) catalyzed coupling reactions of phenyllithium depends on the reaction conditions, onthe nucleofugal group, and on the 2-heteroatom functionality of the sub strate.
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Reference£º
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”