Month: October 2022

The author of 《Atom Transfer Coupling Reactions Performed With Benign Reducing Agents and Radical Traps》 were Xia, Katherine; Rubaie, Alia J.; Johnson, Brendan P.; Parker, Samantha A.; Tillman, Eric S.. And the article was published in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry in 2019. Reference of Cupric bromide The author mentioned the following in the article:

Monobrominated polystyrene (PSBr) was prepared by ATRP, and the resulting chain ends were activated in the presence of radical traps to induce chain end-coupling. In atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) with radical trap assistance, to achieve significant coupling requires excess metal catalyst, ligand, and a reducing agent that is often addnl. metal. In this work, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) and radical trap assistance are used in the ATRC sequence to successfully lead to chain-end coupling without the need for the oxidatively unstable copper (I) and with environmentally friendlier agents in place of copper metal. High extents of coupling (Xc) were achieved using ascorbic acid (AA) as the reducing agent and copper(II) bromide as the oxidized version of the catalyst, and when combined with AGET ATRP to prepare the PSBr precursor, only a fraction of the total metal was required compared to traditional atom transfer reactions, while still retaining similar Xc values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Investigating Temporal Control in Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization》 was written by Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Lee, In-Hwan; Anastasaki, Athina; Lorandi, Francesca; Narupai, Benjaporn; Dolinski, Neil D.; Allegrezza, Michael L.; Fantin, Marco; Konkolewicz, Dominik; Hawker, Craig J.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. Reference of Cupric bromide And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

External regulation of controlled polymerizations allows for controlling the kinetics of the polymerization and gaining spatial or temporal control over polymer growth. In photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), light irradiation (re)generates the copper catalyst to switch the polymerization on. However, removing the light does not immediately inactivate the catalyst, nor does the rate of polymerization become zero as chains may grow in the dark because of continued activation by the residual activator catalyst or regeneration of the Cu catalyst in the dark. In this paper, the effect of polymerization components on photoinduced ATRP was investigated to understand the interplay of temporal control and light switching. Kinetics of polymerization were monitored using in situ NMR as well as under conventional batch conditions. The extent of the polymerization in the dark depended on the activity of the Cu catalyst, which was regulated by the nature of the ligand and reaction medium. For highly active catalysts, the equilibrium concentration of the L/CuI activator is very low, and it was rapidly depleted by radical termination reactions, yielding temporal control which closely matched the switching of light to on or off. Decreasing the activity of the Cu catalyst increased the equilibrium concentration of the activator, leading to significant chain growth in the dark. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

In 2019,Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Lyra, Emerson P.; Petzhold, Cesar L.; Lona, Liliane M. F.. HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9. The article was titled 《Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and ascorbic acid as reducing agents in solution ARGET ATRP: A kinetic study approach by mathematical modeling and simulation》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The mechanism of activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) associated with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has attracted attention because of the transition metal catalyst reduction in the conventional ATRP process. In this paper, a comprehensive math. model for solution ARGET ATRP technique is presented, following a distinct approach, in which reaction kinetics for the reducing agent is detailed. Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and ascorbic acid were studied as reducing agents with copper(II) halide complex as a catalyst, and the ARGET mechanism for both of them was proposed and validated with exptl. data available in the literature. The kinetic rate constants for such reducing agents (kr) were obtained by an optimization algorithm, and the mol. weights and dispersity were predicted using the method of moments. The higher the initial concentrations of copper (II) halide complex and reducing agent, the higher the number-average mol. weight and the lower the dispersity. Simulation results also confirm that the initial concentration of copper(II) halide complex is a critical parameter with higher sensitivity than the reducing agent in solution ARGET ATRP process. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Synthetic Route of Br2CuIn 2019 ,《What happens in the dark? Assessing the temporal control of photo-mediated controlled radical polymerizations》 was published in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry. The article was written by Dolinski, Neil D.; Page, Zachariah A.; Discekici, Emre H.; Meis, David; Lee, In-Hwan; Jones, Glen R.; Whitfield, Richard; Pan, Xiangcheng; McCarthy, Blaine G.; Shanmugam, Sivaprakash; Kottisch, Veronika; Fors, Brett P.; Boyer, Cyrille; Miyake, Garret M.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; Haddleton, David M.; de Alaniz, Javier Read; Anastasaki, Athina; Hawker, Craig J.. The article contains the following contents:

In this study, PET-RAFT, Cu-free ATRP, and Cu-mediated RDRP systems were selected as representative examples of photo-CRP methods. To facilitate an unbiased comparison across techniques, irradiation conditions were held constant (equivalent photon flux) and polymerization conditions, such as monomer concentration and targeted d.p., were fixed at 33 weight % and DP = 150. Temporal control experiments were also carried out with equal “”on”” and “”off”” times targeting conversions of 4̃0% with an initial “”off”” period conducted to establish a baseline before exposure to light. After reading the article, we found that the author used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Synthetic Route of Br2Cu)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Crystal structure of bis(acetylacetonato-κ2O,O′)-(ethanolamine-κ2N,O)copper(II), C14H25CuNO5》 was published in Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographie – New Crystal Structures in 2020. These research results belong to Lo, Kong Mun; Lee, See Mun; Tiekink, Edward R. T.. Safety of Bis(acetylacetone)copper The article mentions the following:

C14H25CuNO5, triclinic, P1[n.772] (number 2), a = 7.7319(3) Å, b = 9.9198(5) Å, c = 11.6827(5) Å, α = 81.866(4)°, β = 75.576(4)°, γ = 74.562(4)°, V = 833.78(7) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0287, wRref(F2) = 0.0807, T = 100(2) K. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9Safety of Bis(acetylacetone)copper)

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) catalyzes coupling and carbene transfer reactions. Metal acetylacetonates are used as catalysts for polymerization of olefins and transesterification. Safety of Bis(acetylacetone)copper

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Synthetic Route of Br2CuIn 2019 ,《Redox-switchable atom transfer radical polymerization》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom). The article was written by Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Lorandi, Francesca; Fantin, Marco; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. The article contains the following contents:

Temporal control in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) relies on modulating the oxidation state of a copper catalyst, as polymer chains are activated by L/CuI and deactivated by L/CuII. (Re)generation of L/CuI activator has been achieved by applying a multitude of external stimuli. However, switching the Cu catalyst off by oxidizing to L/CuII through external chem. stimuli has not yet been investigated. A redox switchable ATRP was developed in which an oxidizing agent was used to oxidize L/CuI activator to L/CuII, thus halting the polymerization A ferrocenium salt or oxygen were used to switch off the Cu catalyst, whereas ascorbic acid was used to switch the catalyst on by (re)generating L/CuI. The redox switches efficiently modulated the oxidation state of the catalyst without sacrificing control over polymerization The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Synthetic Route of Br2Cu)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Formula: Br2CuIn 2019 ,《Grafting of amphiphilic block copolymers on lignocellulosic materials via SI-AGET-ATRP》 was published in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry. The article was written by Vidiella del Blanco, Marta; Gomez, Vera; Fleckenstein, Peter; Keplinger, Tobias; Cabane, Etienne. The article contains the following contents:

Functionalizing biosourced materials is a major topic in the field of materials science. In particular, grafting polymerization techniques have been employed to change the surface properties of various substrates. Here, we report on the grafting of amphiphilic block copolymers in lignocellulosic materials using surface-initiated activators generated by electron transfer at. transfer radical polymerization (SI-AGET-ATRP). With this modification, it is possible to combine the interesting properties (anisotropy and high mech. stability) of lightweight lignocellulosic materials, such as wood, with the special properties of the grafted block copolymers. Hydroxyl groups on wood cell wall biopolymers were used for the chem. bonding of an alkyl bromide as the initiator for AGET-SI-ATRP of a highly hydrophilic monomer ([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) and a highly hydrophobic fluorinated monomer (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl methacrylate). The successful grafting of homopolymers and block copolymers onto the wood structure was confirmed through Fourier transform IR and Raman spectroscopy. The functionalization with the two homopolymers yielded lignocellulosic materials with opposite wettabilities, whereas by the adjustment of the ratio between the two copolymer blocks, it was possible to tune the wettability between these two extremes. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Formula: Br2Cu)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Formula: Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Hollow PtCu nanorings with high performance for the methanol oxidation reaction and their enhanced durability by using trace Ir》 was written by Shi, Yan; Fang, Yan; Zhang, Genlei; Wang, Xianshun; Cui, Peng; Wang, Qi; Wang, Yuxin. Reference of Bis(acetylacetone)copper And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Platinum-copper (PtCu) alloy nanostructures represent an emerging class of electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), but practical applications have been limited by catalytic activity and durability. In this study, an efficient one-pot hydrothermal strategy is developed to prepare unique PtCu alloy nanorings (NRs) with a highly open hollow structure. The formation process of the hollow NR structure includes the initial formation of pure solid Cu nanocrystals (NCs), the subsequent galvanic replacement reaction between Cu and Pt2+, and the co-deposition of Pt and Cu atoms at the edges. The r-Pt0.75Cu/C catalyst, i.e., Pt0.75Cu NRs with an input Pt/Cu molar ratio of 0.75/1 supported on carbon black exhibited superior MOR performance, with a mass activity of 2.175 A mgPt-1 and a specific activity of 52.26 A m-2, which are 4.5- and 6.6-fold enhancements relative to those of com. PtRu/C-JM, resp. Impressively, the durability of Pt0.75Cu NRs for the MOR can be enhanced dramatically by doping with trace Ir. The mass activity loss of r-Pt0.75Ir0.05Cu/C, i.e., Ir-doped Pt0.75Cu NRs supported on carbon black, was only 7.44%, much smaller than those of r-Pt0.75Cu/C (37.76%) and PtRu/C-JM (50.27%) after 10 000 CV cycles. This work provides a strategic design of efficient PtCu catalysts for the MOR. The experimental process involved the reaction of Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9Reference of Bis(acetylacetone)copper)

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) catalyzes coupling and carbene transfer reactions. Metal acetylacetonates are used as catalysts for polymerization of olefins and transesterification. Reference of Bis(acetylacetone)copper

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The author of 《The controllable growth of PtCuRh rhombic dodecahedral nanoframes as efficient catalysts for alcohol electrochemical oxidation》 were Wang, Zhen; Huang, Lei; Tian, Zhi Qun; Shen, Pei Kang. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application of 13395-16-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Platinum-based catalysts with heterogeneous structures, such as three-dimensional (3D) nanoframes and highly branched architectures, have broad application prospects due to their fully accessible surfaces and high atom utilization. However, the fragile frames and dendrites with high energy easily suffer from structural collapse during catalytic processes. Hence, we synthesized Rh-strengthened PtCuRh rhombohedral dodecahedrons with nanodendrites (RDD) through a one-pot solvothermal method, which could be etched to obtain totally open nanoframe PtCuRh rhombohedral dodecahedrons with nanodendrites (RDND). More interestingly, the growth of the nanodendrites can be easily controlled through changing the reaction temperature Meanwhile, the length of the nanodendrites can be controlled through adjusting the amount of CTAB and the reaction time. In addition, synergistic effects between Pt, Cu and Rh modified the electronic structure; in particular Rh metal oxide on the surface contributes heavily towards improving the electrocatalytic efficiency. Therefore the as-prepared catalyst PtCuRh RDND shows superior catalytic performance towards the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as well as the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) compared to TKK-com. Pt/C. Remarkably, after 1000 electrochem. cycles of the MOR, the superior mass activity of PtCuRh RDND surpasses that of TKK-com. Pt/C by 2.6 times, benefiting from enhanced CO tolerance and the stable structure. This work provides a facile and feasible strategy for synthesizing stable and efficient nanoframe catalysts. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9Application of 13395-16-9)

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) catalyzes coupling and carbene transfer reactions. Metal acetylacetonates are used as catalysts for polymerization of olefins and transesterification. Application of 13395-16-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The author of 《Modulating the surface segregation of PdCuRu nanocrystals for enhanced all-pH hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis》 were Li, Menggang; Luo, Mingchuan; Xia, Zhonghong; Yang, Yong; Huang, Yarong; Wu, Dong; Sun, Yingjun; Li, Chunji; Chao, Yuguang; Yang, Wenxiu; Yang, Weiwei; Yu, Yongsheng; Guo, Shaojun. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Quality Control of Bis(acetylacetone)copper The author mentioned the following in the article:

Core-shell architecture coupled with rational surface engineering constitutes an efficient strategy for promoting electrocatalysis on multimetallic nanocrystals via the optimization of composition, facets and coordination environment. Here, by leveraging controlled surface segregation, we realize core-shell formation with systematic tuning of surface composition on well-defined PdCuRu nanocrystals. When applied for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), we established a direct correlation between surface composition and activity. In particular, PdCuRu catalysts with a Pd-rich surface achieved an overpotential of 31 mV at a c.d. of 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 52 mV dec-1 in an alk. electrolyte, considerably enhanced relative to control PdCuRu/C catalysts with other surface compositions and even exceeding those of state-of-the-art Pt/C. Similar trends were also observed in both neutral and acid electrolytes. We deduce that, in this catalytic system, the enhanced electrocatalysis originates from the strain effect rather than the bifunctional mechanism. The present study builds a bridge between surface engineering and HER performance, and opens up new material designs for surface Pd-rich core-shell nanostructures for the purpose of improving HER catalytic activity and stability at all pH values. In addition to this study using Bis(acetylacetone)copper, there are many other studies that have used Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9Quality Control of Bis(acetylacetone)copper) was used in this study.

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) is used as PVC stabilizer, and curing agents for epoxy resins, acrylic adhesives and silicone rubbers. It is also used as solvents, lubricant additives, paint drier, and pesticides.Quality Control of Bis(acetylacetone)copper

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”