Moretti, Giuliano et al. published their research in Surface and Interface Analysis in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper has continued to be one of the most utilized and important transition metal catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. Copper nanoparticles can catalyze the Ullmann coupling reaction in a wide range of applications.Application of 20427-59-2

On the Auger parameter of Cu(II) compounds was written by Moretti, Giuliano;Beck, Horst P.. And the article was included in Surface and Interface Analysis in 2022.Application of 20427-59-2 This article mentions the following:

The Auger parameter (AP) of Cu(I) halides follow the trend: α’Cu(s) > α’CuI > α’CuBr > α’CuCl > > α’Cu(g), in agreement with the electronic polarizabilities of the nearest-neighbor ligands of the core-ionized Cu(I) ion. On the contrary, the AP of Cu(II) halides and other Cu(II) compounds are close to that of copper metal. We extend our simple AP semiempirical model, published in this journal in 2019, to try to understand the unusual results reported for the Cu(II) compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Application of 20427-59-2).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper has continued to be one of the most utilized and important transition metal catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. Copper nanoparticles can catalyze the Ullmann coupling reaction in a wide range of applications.Application of 20427-59-2

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Castro, Jose D. et al. published their research in Applied Surface Science in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The applications of Copper-based nanoparticles have received great attention due to the earth-abundant, low toxicity and inexpensive. Copper nanoparticles can also catalyze the coupling reaction of phenols, thiols, xanthogenates, nitrogen-containing nucleophiles, selenium ruthenium nucleophiles and the like.Name: Cuprichydroxide

Wetting and corrosion properties of CuxOy films deposited by magnetron sputtering for maritime applications was written by Castro, Jose D.;Lima, M. J.;Carvalho, S.. And the article was included in Applied Surface Science in 2022.Name: Cuprichydroxide This article mentions the following:

Copper-based materials can be safe and economic alternatives for producing anti-biofouling coatings for large-scale applications. Although their antibiofouling properties have been previously described, the wetting and corrosion properties in specific environments such as the maritime industry has been far less explored. In this study, copper oxide (CuxOy) films were deposited by a DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique on stainless steel substrates. The oxygen amount during deposition was varied to obtain different structures. The films were characterised by SEM, EDS, XRD, AFM, and contact angle measurements. Oxygen incorporation into copper films promoted a significant change in the growth profile of the film, from dense and undefined grains to columnar grains with well-defined boundaries. Wettability results demonstrate that CuxOy films are high dispersive surfaces with poor affinity with seawater. Corrosion tests were performed in an NaCl (3.5% weight) solution during 24 h through EIS and potentiodynamic polarization. The films were chem. characterized before and after corrosion tests by XPS as well as their ionic releasing process by ICP-OES spectroscopy. CuxOy coatings exhibited a poor corrosion resistance against artificial seawater and high ionic (Cu2+) release, which suggests a diffusion process. The results give insights into the chem. resistance of CuxOy films for application to avoid biofouling under seawater exposure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Name: Cuprichydroxide).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The applications of Copper-based nanoparticles have received great attention due to the earth-abundant, low toxicity and inexpensive. Copper nanoparticles can also catalyze the coupling reaction of phenols, thiols, xanthogenates, nitrogen-containing nucleophiles, selenium ruthenium nucleophiles and the like.Name: Cuprichydroxide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Liu, Xinyu et al. published their research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper has continued to be one of the most utilized and important transition metal catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. Copper nanoparticles can also catalyze the coupling reaction of phenols, thiols, xanthogenates, nitrogen-containing nucleophiles, selenium ruthenium nucleophiles and the like.Category: copper-catalyst

In Situ Spectroscopic Characterization and Theoretical Calculations Identify Partially Reduced ZnO1-x/Cu Interfaces for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 was written by Liu, Xinyu;Luo, Jie;Wang, Hengwei;Huang, Li;Wang, Shasha;Li, Shang;Sun, Zhihu;Sun, Fanfei;Jiang, Zheng;Wei, Shiqiang;Li, Wei-Xue;Lu, Junling. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Category: copper-catalyst This article mentions the following:

The active site of the industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst used in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol has been debated for decades. Grand challenges remain in the characterization of structure, composition, and chem. state, both microscopically and spectroscopically, and complete theor. calculations are limited when it comes to describing the intrinsic activity of the catalyst over the diverse range of structures that emerge under realistic conditions. Here a series of inverse model catalysts of ZnO on copper hydroxide were prepared where the size of ZnO was precisely tuned from atomically dispersed species to nanoparticles using at. layer deposition. ZnO decoration boosted methanol formation to a rate of 877 gMeOH kgcat-1 h-1 with ≈80% selectivity at 493 K. High pressure in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that the atomically dispersed ZnO species are prone to aggregate at oxygen-deficient ZnO ensembles instead of forming CuZn metal alloys. By modeling various potential active structures, d. functional theory calculations and microkinetic simulations revealed that ZnO/Cu interfaces with oxygen vacancies, rather than stoichiometric interfaces, Cu and CuZn alloys were essential to catalytic activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Category: copper-catalyst).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper has continued to be one of the most utilized and important transition metal catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. Copper nanoparticles can also catalyze the coupling reaction of phenols, thiols, xanthogenates, nitrogen-containing nucleophiles, selenium ruthenium nucleophiles and the like.Category: copper-catalyst

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Huang, Wei et al. published their research in Solid State Sciences in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper catalyst has received great attention owing to the low toxicity and low cost. These ligands enable the reaction promoted in mild condition. The reaction scope has also been greatly expanded, rendering this copper-based cross-coupling attractive for both academia and industry. Formula: CuH2O2

Preparation of Cu2O crystals by glucose liquid phase reduction: Morphology evolution and size control was written by Huang, Wei;Wang, Xuan;Wang, Yuansheng;Li, Yongqing;Wang, Bo;Wang, Yujiang;Wei, Shicheng. And the article was included in Solid State Sciences in 2022.Formula: CuH2O2 This article mentions the following:

Cu2O crystals with different sizes from cube to octahedron have been successfully synthesized by a facile synthetic method without addnl. capping agents. The residual OH- shows directional adsorption on the {111} facet, modifying the growth rate along the <100> and <111> directions and froming different Cu2O shapes. The morphol. and size of Cu2O crystal are affected by exptl. parameters including the concentration of CuSO4·5H2O, NaOH, glucose, the pre-reaction time and the initial temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Formula: CuH2O2).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper catalyst has received great attention owing to the low toxicity and low cost. These ligands enable the reaction promoted in mild condition. The reaction scope has also been greatly expanded, rendering this copper-based cross-coupling attractive for both academia and industry. Formula: CuH2O2

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Nyborg, Lars et al. published their research in Surface and Interface Analysis in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The evolution of transition metal catalysts has attained a stage of civilization that authorizes for an extensive scope of chemical bonds formation partners to be combined efficiently. The copper-mediated C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-S bond formation is a part of one oldest reaction, emphasizing the Ullmann cross-coupling reaction.Synthetic Route of CuH2O2

Surface chemical and geometrical properties of pure copper powder intended for binder jetting and sintering was written by Nyborg, Lars;Cao, Yu. And the article was included in Surface and Interface Analysis in 2022.Synthetic Route of CuH2O2 This article mentions the following:

One novel important application of sinter-based additive manufacturing involving binder jetting is copper-based products. Three different variants of nominally pure copper powder having particle size distributions with D90 < 16, 22, or 31μm were investigated in this study. The packing behavior and the flow properties using dynamic test and shear cell, as well as sp. surface area were evaluated. The analyses employed illustrate the multidimensional complexity. Because different measurements capture different aspect of the powder, it is imperative to apply a characterization approach involving different methods. Surface chem. anal. by means of XPS showed that all powder variants were covered by Cu2O, CuO, and Cu (OH)2, with Cu2O being dominant in all cases. The finest powder with D90 < 16μm tended to have higher relative amount of copper in divalent state. The average apparent oxide thickness estimated by XPS depth profiling showed that the two coarser variants had similar overall average oxide thickness, whereas the finest one possessed smaller oxide thickness. The surface chem. of the powder grades is found to be related to their rheol. behavior in dynamic condition. Considering the sp. surface areas in combination with the average oxide thicknesses, the amount of surface bound oxygen was estimated to be about~220 ppm for all three variants. Specific concerns need to be taken during the sintering of powder to keep oxygen level below that of electrolytic pitch copper (400 ppm). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Synthetic Route of CuH2O2).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The evolution of transition metal catalysts has attained a stage of civilization that authorizes for an extensive scope of chemical bonds formation partners to be combined efficiently. The copper-mediated C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-S bond formation is a part of one oldest reaction, emphasizing the Ullmann cross-coupling reaction.Synthetic Route of CuH2O2

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Abas, Asim et al. published their research in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper has continued to be one of the most utilized and important transition metal catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. The copper-mediated C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-S bond formation is a part of one oldest reaction, emphasizing the Ullmann cross-coupling reaction.Computed Properties of CuH2O2

Efficient synthesis of enwrapped CuO@rGO nanowire arrays to improve supercapacitor electrode performance was written by Abas, Asim;Omer, Altyeb Ali Abaker;Wei, lan;Lu, Qingyou. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry in 2022.Computed Properties of CuH2O2 This article mentions the following:

There has been a growing interest in the performance of supercapacitors (SCs) based on Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs). It has recently been included in long-term energy storage and lightweight devices. The primary goal of this research is to improve the conductivity of CuO nanowire to increase its performance. We have successfully synthesized a wet chem. utilizing a dipping approach in this paper. rGO nanosheet layers were uniformly coated on CuO nanowire arrays. As long as pos., stable pathways for rapid ion or electron transport exist, the presence of atoms in rGO that will diffuse into the CuO lattice may improve the elec. conductivity of the CuO electrode. Furthermore, the surface area of the CuO@rGO-20 s electrode was also increased following rGO coating, resulting in more active sites. As a result, CuO@rGO-20 s electrode had a significantly greater areal capacitance of 1165 mF cm-2, which was 2.4 times higher than pristine CuO NWAs and excellent extended cycling performance 119% after 2000 cycles as a pseudocapacitive electrode. Overall, our data indicate that enhancing TMOs electrode performance has a considerable impact. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Computed Properties of CuH2O2).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. Copper has continued to be one of the most utilized and important transition metal catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. The copper-mediated C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-S bond formation is a part of one oldest reaction, emphasizing the Ullmann cross-coupling reaction.Computed Properties of CuH2O2

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Huang, Weizhao et al. published their research in Additive Manufacturing in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The evolution of transition metal catalysts has attained a stage of civilization that authorizes for an extensive scope of chemical bonds formation partners to be combined efficiently. Due to these characteristics, copper nanoparticles have generated a great deal of interest especially in the field of catalysis. Formula: CuH2O2

Tailoring soft-flexible negative Poisson’s ratio support to boost photocatalytic efficiency: From dissociation to anchoring was written by Huang, Weizhao;Mei, Hui;Chang, Peng;Pan, Longkai;Cheng, Laifei;Zhang, Litong. And the article was included in Additive Manufacturing in 2022.Formula: CuH2O2 This article mentions the following:

Highly efficient catalysts have been developed and obtained excellent performance in the laboratory environment. However, there is a huge gap between the laboratory and industry. The high request of recyclability and stability determine that the traditional powder catalyst cannot be directly applied. On the other hand, catalyst anchoring is a promising strategy to solve this problem. Here, novel flexible supports with different neg. Poisson’s ratios were fabricated to obtain enhanced photocatalytic and mech. property by 3D printing, and were furtherly modified by Ag nanowires, TiO2 and metalization. The largest sp. surface area is up to 2.66 m2 g-1 which is because of the relatively smooth surface of the support. The NPR support modified by TiO2 completely degraded the dye solution within 75 min, resulting from the improved site for CdS to load. Part of the TiO2 formed heterojunction with CdS, but the content was too small to significantly enhance the transfer of electron-hole pairs. After ten cycles, the residual catalytic performance remained 71.25%- 75.32%, which is mainly from the weak binding of CdS. The mech. properties were significantly improved by adding TiO2 by almost 4 times than that of pure Polyurethaneacrylate, resulting from the pinning effect from the nano particles. The proposed strategy offers new perspectivity of coupling delicately efficient photocatalyst and flexible support for the large-scale industrial application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Formula: CuH2O2).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The evolution of transition metal catalysts has attained a stage of civilization that authorizes for an extensive scope of chemical bonds formation partners to be combined efficiently. Due to these characteristics, copper nanoparticles have generated a great deal of interest especially in the field of catalysis. Formula: CuH2O2

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Guo, Jia et al. published their research in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The applications of Copper-based nanoparticles have received great attention due to low toxicity and inexpensive, earth-abundant. These ligands enable the reaction promoted in mild condition. The reaction scope has also been greatly expanded, rendering this copper-based cross-coupling attractive for both academia and industry. Recommanded Product: Cuprichydroxide

Ag2O modified CuO nanosheets as efficient difunctional water oxidation catalysts was written by Guo, Jia;Akram, Naeem;Zhang, Liugen;Ma, Wenlan;Wang, Guangyao;Zhang, Yi;Ahmad, Ali;Wang, Jide. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: Cuprichydroxide This article mentions the following:

Semiconductors have been given immense attention for years regarding the use of photocatalytic water oxidation reaction (WOR) to reduce the potential barrier. However, some known semiconductors, such as TiO2 and CuO, exhibit outstanding water oxidation activity in the UV light region. Therefore, it is important to explore the methods to expand the usage of these catalysts in the visible as well as IR regions. This study introduces a simple and facile chem. co-precipitation method to fabricate a sort of Ag2O-modified CuO nanosheets with excellent catalytic properties. The as-prepared Ag2O/CuO nanosheets exhibit a robust catalytic efficiency towards the visible-light-driven WOR. Due to the addition of Ag2O, the Ag2O/CuO nanosheets display photocatalytic activity. The total turnover number (TON) was 8.20 and when the effect of chemocatalytic activities was deducted, the TON, quantum yield (QY), and corresponding photonic efficiency (ζp) are 2.92, 0.65%, and 0.33%, resp., which shows that Ag2O/CuO nanosheets possess water oxidation sites as well as light-absorption centers. With the synergy effect between the Ag2O and CuO, the catalyst efficiently reduced the recombination probability of photoexcited electrons and holes. Intriguingly, Ag2O/CuO nanosheets expanded the utility in the visible region as long as 765 nm, which evolved 95.89% oxygen compared to that of the light cutting off at 420 nm. The insight into the WOR pathway is that surficial -OH groups of Ag2O/CuO nanosheets play a key role in this catalytic reaction. The mechanism of Ag2O/CuO nanosheets in the persulfate/NaOH system for water oxidation was consequently proposed according to ESR measurements and two radical scavengers (methanol and tert-butanol alc.). This study offers useful guidance for developing difunctional water oxidation catalysts without photosensitizers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2Recommanded Product: Cuprichydroxide).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The applications of Copper-based nanoparticles have received great attention due to low toxicity and inexpensive, earth-abundant. These ligands enable the reaction promoted in mild condition. The reaction scope has also been greatly expanded, rendering this copper-based cross-coupling attractive for both academia and industry. Recommanded Product: Cuprichydroxide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Li, Chunlin et al. published their research in Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The transition metal-catalyzed chemical transformation of organic electrophiles and organometallic reagents has turned up as an exceedingly robust synthetic tool. Copper nanoparticles can also catalyze the coupling reaction of nitrogen-containing nucleophiles, phenols, thiols, xanthogenates, selenium ruthenium nucleophiles and the like.SDS of cas: 20427-59-2

Facile precipitation microfluidic synthesis of Monodisperse and inorganic hollow microspheres for Photocatalysis was written by Li, Chunlin;Wang, Zhiyu;Xie, Hua;Bao, Jun;Wei, Yingxu;Lin, Bingcheng;Liu, Zhongmin. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology in 2022.SDS of cas: 20427-59-2 This article mentions the following:

Hollow microspheres have potential applications for wide-range fields, especially photocatalysis, attracting tremendous attention in material science. However, conventional synthesis of hollow microspheres involves complicated procedures, high cost and poor yields, greatly impeding their development. Due to the limitations of raw material for the polymerization or hydrolysis routes so far the hollow materials prepared in a microfluidics chip were limited to some specific substances. Herein, a controllable precipitating reaction strategy in droplets was presented to form the hollow structure from easily accessible industrial chem. materials (such as nitrates of Zinc, Copper and Cobalt, and Ferrous sulfate). After generating monodisperse droplets and followed introducing precipitant into the droplets in a microfluidics chip, the spherical shell was constructed through the accumulation of precipitated particles at the oil/water interface of droplets and further particle growth on the inner shell. As a result, hollow microspheres with a Janus shell of different inner and outer morphol. were formed. The photocatalytic activities of these hollow microspheres were evaluated for RhB photodegradation oxidation based on heterogeneous photo-Fenton. The photocatalytic activities of the fresh hollow samples showed better than their solid samples or their oxidized hollow samples. With microfluidic technol., the transition-metallic inorganic hollow microspheres can be rapid, low-costly manufactured through direct precipitation reaction in droplets. The prepared α-Co(OH)2 hollow microspheres showed promising photocatalytic activity. 2021 Society of Chem. Industry (SCI). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2SDS of cas: 20427-59-2).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The transition metal-catalyzed chemical transformation of organic electrophiles and organometallic reagents has turned up as an exceedingly robust synthetic tool. Copper nanoparticles can also catalyze the coupling reaction of nitrogen-containing nucleophiles, phenols, thiols, xanthogenates, selenium ruthenium nucleophiles and the like.SDS of cas: 20427-59-2

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Forson, P. et al. published their research in Minerals Engineering in 2022 | CAS: 20427-59-2

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The applications of Copper-based nanoparticles have received great attention due to the earth-abundant, low toxicity and inexpensive. It is clear from the impact copper catalysis has had on organic synthesis that copper should be considered a first line catalyst for many organic reactions.HPLC of Formula: 20427-59-2

Flotation of auriferous arsenopyrite from pyrite using thionocarbamate was written by Forson, P.;Zanin, M.;Abaka-Wood, G.;Skinner, W.;Asamoah, R. K.. And the article was included in Minerals Engineering in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 20427-59-2 This article mentions the following:

To provide an understanding of the preferential interaction and flotation of Cu-activated arsenopyrite compared to pyrite, Cu species adsorbed, extent of surface oxidation, nature of bond and coordination between donor atoms of IPETC, and Cu and As acceptor atoms on mineral surfaces was investigated using X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) anal. Adsorption of Cu (II) and concurrent reduction to Cu(I) ions, which was paramount for the formation Cu-IPETC chelate complex was apparent on the surface of both pyrite and arsenopyrite from the XPS anal. The IPETC adsorption did not lead to removal of surface oxidation product on either pyrite or arsenopyrite surface, with extent of ferric hydroxide coverage on arsenopyrite far exceling that of pyrite. Adsorbed Cu(I) on the surface of pyrite was higher than arsenopyrite and was irreconcilable to their flotation performance. Bonding of S occurred with Cu(I), and As coordination with deprotonated N was suggested with the strength of the bond increasing at pH 11 using enargite as surrogate mineral. Roughing and single stage flotation of a refractory ore using 200 mg/l CuSO4 and 300 mg/l IPETC at pH 11 gave an Au and As grade of 26.2 g/t and 1.35% resp., at a mass pull of 6.9 wt% and 82.2% Au recovery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2HPLC of Formula: 20427-59-2).

Cuprichydroxide (cas: 20427-59-2) belongs to copper catalysts. The applications of Copper-based nanoparticles have received great attention due to the earth-abundant, low toxicity and inexpensive. It is clear from the impact copper catalysis has had on organic synthesis that copper should be considered a first line catalyst for many organic reactions.HPLC of Formula: 20427-59-2

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”