The author of 《ATRP of methyl acrylate by continuous feeding of activators giving polymers with predictable end-group fidelity》 were Wang, Yu. And the article was published in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2019. Electric Literature of Br2Cu The author mentioned the following in the article:
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of Me acrylate (MA) was carried out by continuous feeding of Cu(I) activators. Typically, the solvent, the monomer, the initiator, and the CuBr2/Me6TREN deactivator are placed in a Schlenk flask (Me6TREN: tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine), while the CuBr/Me6TREN activator is placed in a gas-tight syringe and added to the reaction mixture at a constant addition rate by using a syringe pump. As expected, the polymerization started when Cu(I) was added and stopped when the addition was completed, and polymers with a narrow mol. weight distribution were obtained. The polymerization rate could be easily adjusted by changing the activator feeding rate. More importantly, the loss of chain end-groups could be precisely predicted since each loss of Br from the chain end resulted in the irreversible oxidation of one Cu(I) to Cu(II). The Cu(I) added to the reaction system may undergo many oxidation/reduction cycles in ATRP equilibrium, but would finally be oxidized to Cu(II) irreversibly. Thus, the loss of chain end-groups simply equals the total amount of Cu(I) added. This technique provides a neat way to synthesize functional polymers with known end-group fidelity. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Electric Literature of Br2Cu)
Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Electric Literature of Br2Cu
Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”