In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Excited states of the phthalimide chromophore and their exciton couplings: a tool for stereochemical assignments, published in 1998-11-25, which mentions a compound: 148857-42-5, mainly applied to phthalimide chromophore exciton coupling stereochem assignment, Safety of (S)-2-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione.
Electronically excited states of the phthalimide chromophore were studied by linear dichroism (LD) of samples partially oriented in poly(vinyl alc.) films, magnetic CD (MCD), and CD spectroscopy. On the basis of the LD measurements, the low-energy tail (340-320 nm) of the 1st absorption band is assigned to an out-of-plane polarized n→π* transition (I). At higher energy, the electronic spectrum is resolved into contributions from 5 π→π* transitions: II (300 nm, long-axis polarized), III (275 nm, short-axis polarized), IV (235 nm, short-axis polarized), V (220 nm, long-axis polarized), and VI (∼210 nm, short-axis polarized). The results from semiempirical (INDO/S-CI) and ab initio (CIS/6-31+G(d)) MO calculations compare well with the proposed assignments of the excited states. Degenerate exciton interaction between elec.-dipole-allowed transitions of 2 phthalimide chromophores is observed in the electronic absorption spectra of the achiral bis-phthalimides I (n = 0-2) and in the CD spectrum of the chiral bis-phthalimide II (X = phthalimido). For the latter compound, the solid-state geometry was determined by x-ray diffraction. Good agreement between exptl. and computed CD spectra confirms that the coupled-oscillator exciton model provides the basis for a reliable nonempirical method for the assignment of absolute configuration for this class of compounds Nondegenerate exciton coupling between phthalimide and benzoate or Ph chromophores is borne out in the CD spectra of homochiral mols. II (X = OBz, Ph) with a rigid cyclohexane skeleton. Finally, the exciton-coupling method is used to make stereochem. assignments for the acyclic, conformationally flexible derivatives RCHMeCH2X (R = phthalimido throughout this abstract; X = R, OBz), RCH2CHMeOBz and RCH2CH(OBz)CH2Cl.
After consulting a lot of data, we found that this compound(148857-42-5)Safety of (S)-2-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione can be used in many types of reactions. And in most cases, this compound has more advantages.
Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”