Category: 492-27-3

SDS of cas: 492-27-3. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid, is researched, Molecular C10H7NO3, CAS is 492-27-3, about Effects of neuroactive metabolites of the tryptophan pathway on working memory and cortical thickness in schizophrenia. Author is Huang, Junchao; Tong, Jinghui; Zhang, Ping; Zhou, Yanfang; Cui, Yimin; Tan, Shuping; Wang, Zhiren; Yang, Fude; Kochunov, Peter; Chiappelli, Joshua; Tian, Baopeng; Tian, Li; Tan, Yunlong; Hong, L. Elliot.

A number of tryptophan metabolites known to be neuroactive have been examined for their potential associations with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Among these metabolites, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 5-hydroxyindole (5-HI), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are documented in their diverse effects on α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and/or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), two of the receptor types thought to contribute to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. In this study, serum levels of KYNA, 5-HI, and QUIN were measured in 195 patients with schizophrenia and in 70 healthy controls using liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry; cognitive performance in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and cortical thickness measured by magnetic resonance imaging were obtained. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower serum KYNA (p < 0.001) and QUIN (p = 0.02) levels, and increased 5-HI/KYNA (p < 0.001) and QUIN/KYNA ratios (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. Patients with high 5-HI and low KYNA had better working memory than other subgroups (p = 0.01). The different effects of 5-HI and KYNA on working memory may appear consistent with their opposite receptor level mechanisms. Our findings appear to provide a new insight into the dynamic roles of tryptophan pathway metabolites on cognition, which may benefit novel therapeutic development that targets cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. In some applications, this compound(492-27-3)SDS of cas: 492-27-3 is unique.If you want to know more details about this compound, you can contact with the author or consult more relevant literature.

Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Related Products of 492-27-3. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid, is researched, Molecular C10H7NO3, CAS is 492-27-3, about A comprehensive study on the relieving effect of Lilium brownii on the intestinal flora and metabolic disorder in p-chlorphenylalanine induced insomnia rats. Author is Si, Yanpo; Wei, Wenjun; Chen, Xiaohui; Xie, Xiaolong; Guo, Tao; Sasaki, Yohei; Zhang, Youbo; Wang, Lili; Zhang, Fei; Feng, Shuying.

ContextThe bulb of Lilium brownii F. E. Brown (Liliaceae) (LB) is a common Chinese medicine to relieve insomnia. ObjectiveTo investigate the mol. mechanism of LB relieving insomnia. Materials and methodsInsomnia model was induced by i.p. injection p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups: Control, PCPA (400 mg/kg, i.p. 2 days), LB (598.64 mg/kg, oral 7 days). The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), melatonin (MT), and the expression of GABAA, 5-HT1A and MT receptors, as well as pathol. changes in hypothalamus, were evaluated. 16S rDNA sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS were used to reveal the change of the intestinal flora and metabolic profile. ResultsThe adverse changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora and faecal metabolic phenotype altered by PCPA in rats were reversed after LB treatment, accompanied by the up-regulated levels of 5-HT as 8.14 ng/mL, MT as 16.16 pg/mL, 5-HT1A R and GABAA R, down-regulated level of NE as 0.47 ng/mL, and the improvement of pathol. phenomena of cells in the hypothalamus. And the arachidonic acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism pathway most significantly altered by PCPA were markedly regulated by LB. Besides, it was also found that LB reduced the levels of kynurenic acid related to psychiatric disorders and trimethylamine-N-oxide associated with cardiovascular disease. ConclusionThe mechanism of LB relieving insomnia involves regulating flora and metabolites to resemble the control group. As a medicinal and edible herb, LB could be considered for development as a health-care food to relieve increasing insomniacs in the future.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 492-27-3, is researched, SMILESS is O=C(C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(O)=C1)O, Molecular C10H7NO3Journal, Article, International Journal of Molecular Sciences called Effective activation by kynurenic acid and its aminoalkylated derivatives on M-type K+ current, Author is Lo, Yi-Ching; Lin, Chih-Lung; Fang, Wei-Yu; Lorinczi, Balint; Szatmari, Istvan; Chang, Wan-Hsuan; Fulop, Ferenc; Wu, Sheng-Nan, the main research direction is kynurenic acid potassium membrane potential aminoalkylation hippocampus; M-type K+ current; action potential; hippocampal neuron; kynurenic acid; kynurenic acid derivative; pituitary cell.Category: copper-catalyst.

Kynurenic acid (KYNA, 4-oxoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid), an intermediate of the tryptophan metabolism, has been recognized to exert different neuroactive actions; however, the need of how it or its aminoalkylated amide derivative N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-2-carboxamide (KYNA-A4) exerts any effects on ion currents in excitable cells remains largely unmet. In this study, the investigations of how KYNA and other structurally similar KYNA derivatives have any adjustments on different ionic currents in pituitary GH3 cells and hippocampal mHippoE-14 neurons were performed by patch-clamp technique. KYNA or KYNA-A4 increased the amplitude of M-type K+ current (IK(M)) and concomitantly enhanced the activation time course of the current. The EC50 value required for KYNA- or KYNA-A4 -stimulated IK(M) was yielded to be 18.1 or 6.4μM, resp. The presence of KYNA or KYNA-A4 shifted the relationship of normalized IK(M)-conductance vs. membrane potential to more depolarized potential with no change in the gating charge of the current. The voltage-dependent hysteretic area of IK(M) elicited by long-lasting triangular ramp pulse was observed in GH3 cells and that was increased during exposure to KYNA or KYNA-A4. In cell-attached current recordings, addition of KYNA raised the open probability of M-type K+ channels, along with increased mean open time of the channel. Cell exposure to KYNA or KYNA-A4 mildly inhibited delayed-rectifying K+ current; however, neither erg-mediated K+ current, hyperpolarization-activated cation current, nor voltage-gated Na+ current in GH3 cells was changed by KYNA or KYNA-A4. Under whole-cell, current-clamp recordings, exposure to KYNA or KYNA-A4 diminished the frequency of spontaneous action potentials; moreover, their reduction in firing frequency was attenuated by linopirdine, yet not by iberiotoxin or apamin. In hippocampal mHippoE-14 neurons, the addition of KYNA also increased the IK(M) amplitude effectively. Taken together, the actions presented herein would be one of the noticeable mechanisms through which they modulate functional activities of excitable cells occurring in vivo.

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Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Trepci, Ada; Sellgren, Carl M.; Paalsson, Erik; Brundin, Lena; Khanlarkhani, Neda; Schwieler, Lilly; Landen, Mikael; Erhardt, Sophie published an article about the compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid( cas:492-27-3,SMILESS:O=C(C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(O)=C1)O ).Formula: C10H7NO3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:492-27-3) through the article.

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation produces several neuroactive metabolites such as kynurenic acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN), and picolinic acid (PIC) thought to be involved in the pathophysiol. of psychosis, major depression, and suicidal behavior. Here, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, KYNA, QUIN, and PIC utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatog. – tandem mass spectrometry system (UPLC-MS/MS) in persons with bipolar disorder (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 80) to investigate if the metabolites correlated with depressive symptoms or to the history of suicidal behavior. Furthermore, we analyzed if genetic variants of the enzyme amino-β-carboxymuconate-semialdehyde-decarboxylase (ACMSD) were associated with the CSF concentrations of PIC and QUIN. We found that CSF KYNA and PIC concentrations, as well as the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were increased in bipolar disorder compared with controls. CSF PIC concentrations were lower in subjects with a history of suicidal behavior than those without, supporting the hypothesis that low CSF PIC is a marker of vulnerability for suicidality. Bipolar subjects taking antidepressants had higher CSF concentrations of kynurenine and KYNA than subjects not given these medications. A neg. association was found between a genetic variant of ACMSD and the ratio of PIC/QUIN, indicating that a polymorphism in ACMSD is associated with excess of QUIN formation at the expense of PIC. The present results confirm that the kynurenine pathway is activated in bipolar disorder, and suggest that shifting the activity of the kynurenine pathway away from QUIN production towards a production of KYNA and PIC might be a beneficial therapeutic strategy.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid(SMILESS: O=C(C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(O)=C1)O,cas:492-27-3) is researched.Synthetic Route of C9H8N2. The article 《Kynurenine pathway metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and blood as potential biomarkers in Huntingtons disease》 in relation to this compound, is published in Journal of Neurochemistry. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:492-27-3).

Converging lines of evidence from several models, and post-mortem human brain tissue studies, support the involvement of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in Huntingtons disease (HD) pathogenesis. Quantifying KP metabolites in HD biofluids is desirable, both to study pathobiol. and as a potential source of biomarkers to quantify pathway dysfunction and evaluate the biochem. impact of therapeutic interventions targeting its components. In a prospective single-site controlled cohort study with standardised collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, phenotypic and imaging data, we used high-performance liquid-chromatog. to measure the levels of KP metabolites-tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid and quinolinic acid-in CSF and plasma of 80 participants (20 healthy controls, 20 premanifest HD and 40 manifest HD). We investigated short-term stability, intergroup differences, associations with clin. and imaging measures and derived sample-size calculation for future studies. Overall, KP metabolites in CSF and plasma were stable over 6 wk, displayed no significant group differences and were not associated with clin. or imaging measures. We conclude that the studied metabolites are readily and reliably quantifiable in both biofluids in controls and HD gene expansion carriers. However, we found little evidence to support a substantial derangement of the KP in HD, at least to the extent that it is reflected by the levels of the metabolites in patient-derived biofluids.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Fields, Ashley M.; Welle, Kevin; Ho, Elaine S.; Mesaros, Clementina; Susiarjo, Martha published the article 《Vitamin B6 deficiency disrupts serotonin signaling in pancreatic islets and induces gestational diabetes in mice》. Keywords: vitamin B6 deficiency gestational diabetes serotonin pancreatic islets signaling.They researched the compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid( cas:492-27-3 ).Category: copper-catalyst. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:492-27-3) here.

In pancreatic islets, catabolism of tryptophan into serotonin and serotonin receptor 2B (HTR2B) activation is crucial for β-cell proliferation and maternal glucose regulation during pregnancy. Factors that reduce serotonin synthesis and perturb HTR2B signaling are associated with decreased β-cell number, impaired insulin secretion, and gestational glucose intolerance in mice. Albeit the tryptophan-serotonin pathway is dependent on vitamin B6 bioavailability, how vitamin B6 deficiency impacts β-cell proliferation during pregnancy has not been investigated. In this study, we created a vitamin B6 deficient mouse model and investigated how gestational deficiency influences maternal glucose tolerance. Our studies show that gestational vitamin B6 deficiency decreases serotonin levels in maternal pancreatic islets and reduces β-cell proliferation in an HTR2B-dependent manner. These changes were associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, however insulin secretion remained intact. Our findings suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency-induced gestational glucose intolerance involves addnl. mechanisms that are complex and insulin independent.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Joshi, Priyanka; Perni, Michele; Limbocker, Ryan; Mannini, Benedetta; Casford, Sam; Chia, Sean; Habchi, Johnny; Labbadia, Johnathan; Dobson, Christopher M.; Vendruscolo, Michele published the article 《Two human metabolites rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease via a cytosolic unfolded protein response》. Keywords: cytosolic unfolded protein response metabolite Caenorhabditis Alzheimers disease.They researched the compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid( cas:492-27-3 ).COA of Formula: C10H7NO3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:492-27-3) here.

Age-related changes in cellular metabolism can affect brain homeostasis, creating conditions that are permissive to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Although the roles of metabolites have been extensively studied with regard to cellular signaling pathways, their effects on protein aggregation remain relatively unexplored. By computationally analyzing the Human Metabolome Database, we identified two endogenous metabolites, carnosine and kynurenic acid, that inhibit the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease. We found that these metabolites act by triggering a cytosolic unfolded protein response through the transcription factor HSF-1 and downstream chaperones HSP40/J-proteins DNJ-12 and DNJ-19. These results help rationalise previous observations regarding the possible anti-ageing benefits of these metabolites by providing a mechanism for their action. Taken together, our findings provide a link between metabolite homeostasis and protein homeostasis, which could inspire preventative interventions against neurodegenerative disorders.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Integrated omics analysis reveals the alteration of gut microbe-metabolites in obese adults, published in 2021, which mentions a compound: 492-27-3, Name is 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid, Molecular C10H7NO3, Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid.

Obesity, a risk to health, is a global problem in modern society. The prevalence of obesity was approx. 13among world′s adult population. Recently, several reports suggested that the interference of gut microbiota composition and function is associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Gut microbiota produce a board range of metabolites involved in energy and glucose homeostasis, leading to the alteration in host metabolism However, systematic evaluation of the relationship between gut microbiota, gut metabolite and host metabolite profiles in obese adults is still lacking. In this study, we used comparative metagenomics and metabolomics anal. to determine the gut microbiota and gut-host metabolite profiles in six normal and obese adults of Chinese origin, resp. Following the functional and pathway anal., we aimed to understand the possible impact of gut microbiota on the host metabolites via the change in gut metabolites. The result showed that the change in gut microbiota may result in the modulation of gut metabolites contributing to glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and homolactic fermentation Furthermore, integrated metabolomic anal. demonstrated a possible pos. correlation of dysregulated metabolites in the gut and host, including l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, uric acid, kynurenic acid, cholesterol sulfate and glucosamine, which were reported to contribute to metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. The findings of this study provide the possible association between gut microbiota-metabolites and host metabolism in obese adults. The identified metabolite changes could serve as biomarkers for the evaluation of obesity and metabolic disorders.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Stress (Abingdon, United Kingdom) called Changes in kynurenine pathway metabolites after acute psychosocial stress in healthy males: a single-arm pilot study, Author is La Torre, Danique; Dalile, Boushra; de Loor, Henriette; Van Oudenhove, Lukas; Verbeke, Kristin, which mentions a compound: 492-27-3, SMILESS is O=C(C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(O)=C1)O, Molecular C10H7NO3, SDS of cas: 492-27-3.

Chronic stress is associated with an increased conversion of tryptophan (TRP) into kynurenine (KYN). However, only a few studies investigated KYN pathway metabolite concentrations following acute stress in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that TRP/KYN metabolism changes following acute stress, and that KYN pathway metabolites are associated with cortisol and subjective stress responses. In a single-arm pilot study, we explored whether KYN pathway metabolites concentrations were altered after acute stress induced by the Maastricht Acute Stress Test in healthy males (n=56, mean age: 27 (SD = 4.5) years, BMI: 23 (SD = 1.8) kg/m2). In particular, we examined whether concentrations of TRP decreased, and KYN, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and the ratio of KYN to TRP (KYN:TRP) increased after acute stress. Furthermore, we assessed whether cortisol and subjective stress responses correlated with KYN pathway metabolite measures after stress induction, based on both the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) as well as the incremental area under the curve (AUCi). Concentrations of TRP, KYN, KYNA, and KYN:TRP were significantly lower after stress induction compared to pre-stress induction (all p < 0.01). AUCi and AUCg reflecting cortisol and subjective stress responses did not correlate with AUCi and AUCg reflecting KYN pathway metabolite responses. These preliminary results indicate that KYN pathway metabolites are lower after acute psychosocial stress induction. Moreover, although chronic stress and subsequent prolonged elevated cortisol concentrations and subjective stress stimulate the conversion of TRP into KYN, acute stress is not associated with such conversion up to 35 min after stress induction. From this literature《Changes in kynurenine pathway metabolites after acute psychosocial stress in healthy males: a single-arm pilot study》,we know some information about this compound(492-27-3)SDS of cas: 492-27-3, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(492-27-3).

Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid, is researched, Molecular C10H7NO3, CAS is 492-27-3, about Psychological symptoms and salivary inflammatory biomarkers in patients with dentofacial deformities: a case-control study.HPLC of Formula: 492-27-3.

Individuals with dentofacial deformities often display a low quality of life (QoL) through biol. mechanisms that remain unraveled. In this case-control study, the salivary levels of cytokines, glutamate, and kynurenine metabolites were assessed in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery (OS), while correlating these parameters with QoL and psychol. symptoms. Thirty-six patients were enrolled in control (under orthodontic treatment) and test (undergoing OS) groups, matched by age and sex. The QoL was assessed through the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ). The psychol. symptoms were evaluated by the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, glutamate, and kynurenine metabolites were evaluated. The OQLQ demonstrated increased QoL scores in the test group, regarding social aspects, facial esthetics, and function domains, without significant differences in respect to the other surveys. These patients displayed higher IL-1β and glutamate levels; conversely, the kynurenine metabolites were unaltered. The glutamate levels pos. correlated with the OQLQ function scores. The data brings novel evidence about the psychobiol. features of patients with dentofacial deformities, showing salivary variations of inflammatory biomarkers in these individuals.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”