Category: 7789-45-9

In 2019,Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Lyra, Emerson P.; Petzhold, Cesar L.; Lona, Liliane M. F.. HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9. The article was titled 《Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and ascorbic acid as reducing agents in solution ARGET ATRP: A kinetic study approach by mathematical modeling and simulation》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The mechanism of activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) associated with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has attracted attention because of the transition metal catalyst reduction in the conventional ATRP process. In this paper, a comprehensive math. model for solution ARGET ATRP technique is presented, following a distinct approach, in which reaction kinetics for the reducing agent is detailed. Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and ascorbic acid were studied as reducing agents with copper(II) halide complex as a catalyst, and the ARGET mechanism for both of them was proposed and validated with exptl. data available in the literature. The kinetic rate constants for such reducing agents (kr) were obtained by an optimization algorithm, and the mol. weights and dispersity were predicted using the method of moments. The higher the initial concentrations of copper (II) halide complex and reducing agent, the higher the number-average mol. weight and the lower the dispersity. Simulation results also confirm that the initial concentration of copper(II) halide complex is a critical parameter with higher sensitivity than the reducing agent in solution ARGET ATRP process. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Investigating Temporal Control in Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization》 was written by Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Lee, In-Hwan; Anastasaki, Athina; Lorandi, Francesca; Narupai, Benjaporn; Dolinski, Neil D.; Allegrezza, Michael L.; Fantin, Marco; Konkolewicz, Dominik; Hawker, Craig J.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. Reference of Cupric bromide And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

External regulation of controlled polymerizations allows for controlling the kinetics of the polymerization and gaining spatial or temporal control over polymer growth. In photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), light irradiation (re)generates the copper catalyst to switch the polymerization on. However, removing the light does not immediately inactivate the catalyst, nor does the rate of polymerization become zero as chains may grow in the dark because of continued activation by the residual activator catalyst or regeneration of the Cu catalyst in the dark. In this paper, the effect of polymerization components on photoinduced ATRP was investigated to understand the interplay of temporal control and light switching. Kinetics of polymerization were monitored using in situ NMR as well as under conventional batch conditions. The extent of the polymerization in the dark depended on the activity of the Cu catalyst, which was regulated by the nature of the ligand and reaction medium. For highly active catalysts, the equilibrium concentration of the L/CuI activator is very low, and it was rapidly depleted by radical termination reactions, yielding temporal control which closely matched the switching of light to on or off. Decreasing the activity of the Cu catalyst increased the equilibrium concentration of the activator, leading to significant chain growth in the dark. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The author of 《Atom Transfer Coupling Reactions Performed With Benign Reducing Agents and Radical Traps》 were Xia, Katherine; Rubaie, Alia J.; Johnson, Brendan P.; Parker, Samantha A.; Tillman, Eric S.. And the article was published in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry in 2019. Reference of Cupric bromide The author mentioned the following in the article:

Monobrominated polystyrene (PSBr) was prepared by ATRP, and the resulting chain ends were activated in the presence of radical traps to induce chain end-coupling. In atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) with radical trap assistance, to achieve significant coupling requires excess metal catalyst, ligand, and a reducing agent that is often addnl. metal. In this work, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) and radical trap assistance are used in the ATRC sequence to successfully lead to chain-end coupling without the need for the oxidatively unstable copper (I) and with environmentally friendlier agents in place of copper metal. High extents of coupling (Xc) were achieved using ascorbic acid (AA) as the reducing agent and copper(II) bromide as the oxidized version of the catalyst, and when combined with AGET ATRP to prepare the PSBr precursor, only a fraction of the total metal was required compared to traditional atom transfer reactions, while still retaining similar Xc values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Understanding the Relationship between Catalytic Activity and Termination in photoATRP: Synthesis of Linear and Bottlebrush Polyacrylates》 was written by Martinez, Michael R.; Sobieski, Julian; Lorandi, Francesca; Fantin, Marco; Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Xie, Guojun; Olszewski, Mateusz; Pan, Xiangcheng; Ribelli, Thomas G.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. Reference of Cupric bromide And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Linear and bottlebrush polyacrylates were prepared by photomediated atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) catalyzed by either CuBr2/TPMA (tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) or the more active CuBr2/TPMA*3 (tris([(4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl)-2-pyridyl] methyl)amine). The latter had a lower rate constant of photoreduction (kred) but unexpectedly enabled faster polymerization Kinetic simulations showed that the equilibrium concentration of a Br-CuII/L deactivator was larger for CuBr2/TPMA*3, resulting in a faster reduction rate (Rred ∝ kred[Br-CuII/L]) and higher radical concentration At the same time, the low [CuI/TPMA*3] counterweighed its high tendency to promote catalyzed radical termination (CRT), and the CRT rate was similar for the two catalytic systems. Kinetic simulations proved that (i) relative reaction rates cannot be predicted by the rate constant alone as exhibited by the relative amount of CuI and CuII species mediated by catalyst activity and termination selectivity and (ii) the polymerization steady state is reached faster with more active catalysts. With this understanding, polyacrylate bottlebrushes were synthesized at moderately high conversion by photoATRP. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

In 2019,Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Structural Chemistry included an article by Moncol, Jan; Mazur, Milan; Valko, Marian; Choi, Jong-Ha. COA of Formula: Br2Cu. The article was titled 《Synthesis, structural characterization, EPR spectroscopy and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a novel Cu2+-doped 3,14-diethyl-2,13-diaza-6,17-diazoniatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosane bis(perchlorate)》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Cyclam derivatives and their metal complexes have been found to exhibit an anti-HIV effect and stimulate the activity of stem cells from bone marrow. The strength of their binding to the CXCR4 receptor correlates with anti-HIV and stem-cell activities. Knowledge of the conformation and crystal packing of various macrocyclic metal complexes has become important in developing new effective anti-HIV drugs. The synthesis and preparation of single crystals of a new Cu2+-doped macrocyclic compound, (3,14-diethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosane)copper(II) bis(perchlorate)-3,14-diethyl-2,13-diaza-6,17-diazoniatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosane bis(perchlorate) (0.69/0.31), {[Cu(C22H44N4)](ClO4)2}0.69·(C22H46N42+·2ClO4-)0.31, is reported. Characterization by X-ray diffraction anal. shows that the asym. unit contains half of a centrosym. mol. The macrocyclic ligand in the compound adopts the most stable trans-III conformation. The Cu-N distances of 2.015 (3) and 2.047 (3) Å are normal, but the long axial Cu-O bond of 2.795 (3) Å may be due to a combination of the Jahn-Teller effect and the strong in-plane ligand field. The crystal structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between secondary N-H groups, the N atoms of the macrocycle and the O atoms of the perchlorate anions. After reading the article, we found that the author used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9COA of Formula: Br2Cu)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.COA of Formula: Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

In 2019,Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Tang, Zengmin; Kim, Woo-Sik; Yu, Taekyung. Safety of Cupric bromide. The article was titled 《Studies on morphology changes of copper sulfide nanoparticles in a continuous Couette-Taylor reactor》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

In this report, a Couette-Taylor (CT) reactor was applied as an effective continuous process for synthesizing copper sulfide nanoparticles. The rotational speed, mean residence time (MRT), and concentration of the feed solution were important control factors on the morphol. and size control of the nanoparticles. Increasing the rotational speed from 80 rpm to 90 rpm changed the morphol. of the synthesized nanoparticles from nanofibers to hexagonal nanoplates. Only Cu7S4 nanofibers were obtained in the batch reactor. Through various comparative experiments, we found that MRT and the feed solution concentration affect monomer concentration in the CT reactor, thus controlling the morphol. and size of the nanoparticles. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Safety of Cupric bromide)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Safety of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Gresham, Isaac J.; Humphreys, Ben A.; Willott, Joshua D.; Johnson, Edwin C.; Murdoch, Timothy J.; Webber, Grant B.; Wanless, Erica J.; Nelson, Andrew R. J.; Prescott, Stuart W. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Geometrical Confinement Modulates the Thermoresponse of a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Brush》, and you may find the article in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States).Related Products of 7789-45-9 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The structure of grafted-from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes is investigated as a function of confining stress and system temperature using neutron reflectometry (NR), numerical SCF theory, and the reanal. of colloid probe at. force microscopy (AFM) data from the literature. For NR experiments, confinement is achieved using a custom-made sample environment, and the corresponding reflectometry data are analyzed using a novel “”distribution model.”” The NR and AFM experiments probe similar temperature-stress combinations and generally find qual. agreement, with some variations highlighting path-dependent (isostress vs. isothermal, resp.) behavior. All techniques indicate that confinement removes the critical transition point in the thermoresponse of PNIPAM and results in the brush assuming a block-like volume fraction profile with a uniform internal structure. The PNIPAM brushes recover from such treatment, regaining their thermoresponse upon resolvation. Understanding the structure of responsive polymer brushes under confinement is essential, as brush applications are often accompanied by a surface-normal force (i.e., lubrication) and brush properties are dependent on their structure. In the experiment, the researchers used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Related Products of 7789-45-9)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Related Products of 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

In 2019,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America included an article by Bates, Morgan W.; Lequieu, Joshua; Barbon, Stephanie M.; Lewis, Ronald M. III; Delaney, Kris T.; Anastasaki, Athina; Hawker, Craig J.; Fredrickson, Glenn H.; Bates, Christopher M.. Application In Synthesis of Cupric bromide. The article was titled 《Stability of the A15 phase in diblock copolymer melts》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The self-assembly of block polymers into well-ordered nanostructures underpins their utility across fundamental and applied polymer science, yet only a handful of equilibrium morphologies are known with the simplest AB-type materials. Here, we report the discovery of the A15 sphere phase in single-component diblock copolymer melts comprising poly(dodecyl acrylate)-block-poly(lactide). A systematic exploration of phase space revealed that A15 forms across a substantial range of minority lactide block volume fractions (fL = 0.25 – 0.33) situated between the σ-sphere phase and hexagonally close-packed cylinders. SCF theory rationalizes the thermodn. stability of A15 as a consequence of extreme conformational asymmetry. The exptl. observed A15-disorder phase transition is not captured using mean-field approximations but instead arises due to composition fluctuations as evidenced by fully fluctuating field-theoretic simulations. This combination of experiments and field-theoretic simulations provides rational design rules that can be used to generate unique, polymer-based mesophases through self-assembly. After reading the article, we found that the author used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Application In Synthesis of Cupric bromide)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Application In Synthesis of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”