Category: 7789-45-9

In 2022,Ghosh, Boyli; Banerjee, Ambar; Roy, Lisa; Manna, Rabindra Nath; Nath, Rounak; Paul, Ankan published an article in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The title of the article was 《The Role of Copper Salts and O2 in the Mechanism of C≃N Bond Activation for Facilitating Nitrogen Transfer Reactions》.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu The author mentioned the following in the article:

CN bond scission can be a potential avenue for the functionalization of chem. bonds. We have conducted a computational study, using d. functional theory (DFT) and ab initio multireference CASSCF methods, to unravel the intricate mechanistic pathways traversed in the copper-promoted, dioxygen-assisted reaction for the formation of aryl isocyanate species from aryl aldehyde. This aryl isocyanate species acts as an active species for CN bond cleavage of coordinated cyanide anion enabling nitrogen transfer to various aldehydes. Electronic structure anal. revealed that under all the reaction conditions radical-based pathways are operative, which is in agreement with the exptl. findings. The major driving force is a CuII/I redox cycle initiated by single-electron transfer from the carbon center of the nitrile moiety. Our study reveals that the copper salts act as the “”electron pool”” in this unique nitrogen transfer reaction forming an aryl isocyanate species from aryl aldehydes. In addition to this study using Cupric bromide, there are many other studies that have used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Synthetic Route of Br2Cu) was used in this study.

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Kinetic study on ultraviolet light-induced solution atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl acrylate using TiO2》 was written by Liu, Yuan-Xing; Bian, Chao; Zhou, Yin-Ning; Li, Jin-Jin; Luo, Zheng-Hong. Synthetic Route of Br2Cu And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2020. The article conveys some information:

The kinetics of the UV light-induced solution atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of Me acrylate using titanium oxide (TiO2) was investigated through experiments and modeling by the method of moments. The apparent rate coefficient for activator (re)generation accounting for the variation of the amount of TiO2 was fitted to match the exptl. data. The amplification experiments were then conducted to interpret and better understand the size effect on the photo ATRP behaviors, of which the exptl. data indicated that the polymerization rate and Mw/Mn are pos. correlated with the size of the reaction volume The simulations revealed that the termination rate coefficient (kt) and the deactivation rate (kda) diminish with the increasing size. In addition, the amplification effect was analyzed theor. When the size is scaled up, the heat transfer area per unit volume decreases, leading to the reduction in heat removal capacity so as to result in local overheating. The polymerization rate therefore increases with the viscosity increasing at a higher speed, causing the decrease of kt and kda. As a result, the higher free radical concentration drives the polymerization toward acceleration and loss of control, consistent with the data of the amplification experiments After reading the article, we found that the author used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Synthetic Route of Br2Cu)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Electric Literature of Br2CuIn 2020 ,《Surface-Initiated Passing-through Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes for Salt-Selective and Antifouling Materials》 was published in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States). The article was written by Vy, Ngoc Chau H.; Liyanage, Chinthani D.; Williams, Robert M. L.; Fang, Justin M.; Kerns, Peter M.; Schniepp, Hannes C.; Adamson, Douglas H.. The article contains the following contents:

The use of the traditional growing-from approach to prepare surface-initiated polymer brushes is widespread as it produces polymer brushes with higher grafting densities than grafting-to methods. In this article, we present an investigation of a passing-though approach that supplies the monomer from below the initiator-functionalized surface, inverting the concentration gradient found in the traditional growing-from technique that has been shown to increase the D of brushes. Using Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy mapping combined with substrate masking, we show that the brushes incorporate only monomer diffusing from below and not from the surrounding solution Further, we characterize these brushes with contact angle anal., FTIR, and at. force microscopy and compare them to brushes synthesized by the traditional growing-from approach. Finally, we demonstrate that several properties of the zwitterionic polymer brush prepared by our passing-through method, for example, wettability, grafting d., uniformity, salt permeation retardation, and fouling resistance, are superior to those of brushes prepared by the growing-from technique. After reading the article, we found that the author used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Electric Literature of Br2Cu)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Electric Literature of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Computed Properties of Br2CuIn 2019 ,《Controlled Synthesis of Polymers on the Basis of Stearyl Methacrylate and Their Use as Depressor Additives》 was published in Polymer Science, Series B: Polymer Chemistry. The article was written by Simanskaya, K. Yu.; Grishin, I. D.; Pavlovskaya, M. V.; Grishin, D. F.. The article contains the following contents:

The controlled synthesis of poly(stearyl methacrylate) and stearyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile copolymers is conducted using a catalytic system consisting of copper(I) bromide, tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine as a ligand, and isopropylamine as an activating agent. Effects of activator concentration and monomer mixture composition on the mol.-weight characteristics of the (co)polymers are estimated It is shown that the products of synthesis may be used as depressor additives lowering the cloud point, pour point, and cold filter plugging point of diesel fuel. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Computed Properties of Br2Cu)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Computed Properties of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Lorandi, Francesca; DiTucci, Matthew J.; Sun, Mingkang; Szczepaniak, Grzegorz; Liu, Tong; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof published their research in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021. The article was titled 《Conjugated Cross-linked Phenothiazines as Green or Red Light Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization》.Recommanded Product: 7789-45-9 The article contains the following contents:

Using the power of light to drive controlled radical polymerizations has provided significant advances in synthesis of well-defined polymers. Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) systems often employ UV light to regenerate copper activator species to mediate the polymerization Taking full advantage of long-wavelength visible light for ATRP would require developing appropriate photocatalytic systems that engage in photoinduced electron transfer processes with the ATRP components to generate activating species. Herein, we developed conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) as heterogeneous photocatalysts to exploit the power of visible light in promoting copper-catalyzed ATRP. The photocatalyst was designed by crosslinking phenothiazine (PTZ) as a photoactive core in the presence of dimethoxybenzene as a crosslinker via the Friedel-Crafts reaction. The resulting PTZ-CMP network showed photoactivity in the visible region due to the extended conjugation throughout the network because of the aromatic groups connecting the PTZ units. Therefore, photoinduced copper-catalyzed ATRP was performed with CMPs that regenerated activator species under green or red light irradiation to start the ATRP process. This resulted in efficient polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate monomers with high conversion and well-controlled mol. weight The heterogeneous nature of the photocatalyst enabled easy separation and efficient reusability in subsequent polymerizations The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Recommanded Product: 7789-45-9)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Recommanded Product: 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Metal-free ATRP catalyzed by visible light in continuous flow》 was written by El Achi, Nassim; Bakkour, Youssef; Adhami, Wissal; Molina, Julien; Penhoat, Mael; Azaroual, Nathalie; Chausset-Boissarie, Laetitia; Rolando, Christian. Recommanded Product: 7789-45-9 And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

ATRP of Me methacrylate catalyzed by Eosin Y, an inexpensive and an environmental benign dye, was performed in a continuous flow reactor made of FEP tubing and irradiated by visible light green LEDs. The reaction under flow conditions was significantly more rapid and controlled compared to that in batch giving 90% of polymerization after only 3 h of irradiation The formed polymers in flow have Mn measured by GPC and DOSY NMR in accordance with the theor. values and show low dispersities (ETH < 1.5). The livingness of the polymers has been confirmed by LED on and LED off experiments and by the synthesis of block copolymers. The protocol described herein serves as a ""proof of concept"" of using Eosin Y as a photocatalyst for controlled polymerization and of using 1D and 2D NMR for polymer characterization. The protocol could be replicated in the future for other reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Recommanded Product: 7789-45-9)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Recommanded Product: 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Driven by Near-Infrared Light with Recyclable Upconversion Nanoparticles》 was written by Zhang, Wenjie; He, Jianhao; Lv, Chunna; Wang, Qianyi; Pang, Xinchang; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; Pan, Xiangcheng. Product Details of 7789-45-9This research focused onupconversion nanoparticle photo ATRP methacrylate acrylate. The article conveys some information:

Near-IR (NIR) photoinduced chem. processes are highly attractive for specific applications owing to the deep penetration of NIR into the nontransparent materials including biol. and synthetic materials. Robust NIR photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) was achieved using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as an internal light converter to turn a 980 nm NIR light to the wavelength of UV/vislight. This NIR photoATRP was capable of polymerizing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers at a low loading of ppm concentrations of the CuBr2/tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine catalyst under the irradiation of a 980 nm NIR light (4 W/cm2) and UCNPs with reusable performance, providing well-defined polymers with predetermined mol. weight, low dispersity, and excellent chain-end fidelity. The switching of light “”on/off”” showed an excellent temporal control of the polymerization The NIR photoATRP exhibited excellent penetrations through several visible light-proof barriers using NIR light, and it may provide future directions of photopolymerization in nontransparent systems, especially biol. systems containing photosensitive moieties. In the experiment, the researchers used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Product Details of 7789-45-9)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Product Details of 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Sun, Mingkang; Lorandi, Francesca; Yuan, Rui; Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Kowalewski, Tomasz; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Assemblies of polyacrylonitrile-derived photoactive polymers as blue and green light photo-cocatalysts for Cu-catalyzed ATRP in water and organic solvents》, and you may find the article in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland).Safety of Cupric bromide The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Photoluminescent nanosized quasi-spherical polymeric assemblies prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), ht-PLPPAN, were demonstrated to have the ability to photo-induce atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalyzed by low, ppm concentrations of CuII complex with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA). Such photo induced ATRP reactions of acrylate and methacrylate monomers were performed in water or organic solvents, using ht-PLPPAN as the photo-cocatalyst under blue or green light irradiation Mechanistic studies indicate that ht-PLPPAN helps to sustain the polymerization by facilitating the activation of alkyl bromide species by two modes: (1) green or blue light-driven photoreduction of the CuII catalyst to the activating CuI form, and (2) direct activation of dormant alkyl bromide species which occurs only under blue light. The photoreduction of the CuII complex by ht-PLPPAN was confirmed by linear sweep voltammetry performed under illumination. Anal. of the polymerization kinetics in aqueous media indicated even though CuI complexes comprised only 1-1.4% of all Cu species at equilibrium, they exhibited high activation rate constant and activated the alkyl bromide initiators five to six orders of magnitude faster than ht-PLPPAN. After reading the article, we found that the author used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Safety of Cupric bromide)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Safety of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The author of 《Impact of Organometallic Intermediates on Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization》 were Fantin, Marco; Lorandi, Francesca; Ribelli, Thomas G.; Szczepaniak, Grzegorz; Enciso, Alan E.; Fliedel, Christophe; Thevenin, Lucas; Isse, Abdirisak A.; Poli, Rinaldo; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. And the article was published in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2019. HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

In atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), radicals (R•) can react with CuI/L catalysts forming organometallic complexes, R-CuII/L (L = N-based ligand). R-CuII/L favors addnl. catalyzed radical termination (CRT) pathways, which should be understood and harnessed to tune the polymerization outcome. Therefore, the preparation of precise polymer architectures by ATRP depends on the stability and on the role of R-CuII/L intermediates. Herein, spectroscopic and electrochem. techniques were used to quantify the thermodn. and kinetic parameters of the interactions between radicals and Cu catalysts. The effects of radical structure, catalyst structure and solvent nature were investigated. The stability of R-CuII/L depends on the radical-stabilizing group in the following order: cyano > ester > Ph. Primary radicals form the most stable R-CuII/L species. Overall, the stability of R-CuII/L does not significantly depend on the electronic properties of the ligand, contrary to the ATRP activity. Under typical ATRP conditions, the R-CuII/L build-up and the CRT contribution may be suppressed by using more ATRP-active catalysts or solvents that promote a higher ATRP activity.Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9) was used in this study.

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Synthetic Route of Br2CuIn 2021 ,《Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The article was written by Whitfield, Richard; Truong, Nghia P.; Anastasaki, Athina. The article contains the following contents:

The breadth and the shape of mol. weight distributions can significantly influence fundamental polymer properties that are critical for various applications. However, current approaches require the extensive synthesis of multiple polymers, are limited in dispersity precision and are typically incapable of simultaneously controlling both the dispersity and the shape of mol. weight distributions. Here we report a simplified approach, whereby on mixing two polymers (one of high D and one of low D), any intermediate dispersity value can be obtained (e.g. from 1.08 to 1.84). Unrivalled precision is achieved, with dispersity values obtained to even the nearest 0.01 (e.g. 1.37→1.38→1.39→1.40→1.41→1.42→1.43→1.44→1.45), while maintaining fairly monomodal mol. weight distributions. This approach was also employed to control the shape of mol. weight distributions and to obtain diblock copolymers with high dispersity accuracy. The straightforward nature of our methodol. alongside its compatibility with a wide range of polymerization protocols (e.g. ATRP, RAFT), significantly expands the toolbox of tailored polymeric materials and makes them accessible to all researchers. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Synthetic Route of Br2Cu)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”