Hebbrecht, Kaat; Skorobogatov, Katrien; Giltay, Erik J.; Coppens, Violette; De Picker, Livia; Morrens, Manuel published the article 《Tryptophan catabolites in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis》. Keywords: meta analysis tryptophan bipolar disorder; bipolar disorder; depression; immune; inflammation; kynurenine; tryptophan.They researched the compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid( cas:492-27-3 ).Category: copper-catalyst. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:492-27-3) here.
Tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) are implicated in the pathophysiol. of mood disorders by mediating immune-inflammation and neurodegenerative processes. Author performed a meta-anal. of TRYCAT levels in bipolar disorder (BD) patients compared to healthy controls. A systematic literature search in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Emcare, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier) was conducted on TRYCAT levels in cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood according to the PRISMA statement. A min. of three studies per TRYCAT was required for inclusion. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were computed using random effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed for BD patients in a different mood state (depressed, manic). The methodol. quality of the studies was rated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment Scale. Twenty-one eligible studies were identified. Peripheral levels of tryptophan (SMD = -0.44; p < 0.001), kynurenine (SMD = - 0.3; p = 0.001) and kynurenic acid (SMD = -.45; p = < 0.001) were lower in BD patients vs. healthy controls. In the only three eligible studies investigating TRP in cerebrospinal fluid, tryptophan was not significantly different between BD and healthy controls. Themethodol. quality of the studies was moderate. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in TRP and KYN values between manic and depressed BD patients, but these results were based on a limited number of studies. The TRYCAT pathway appears to be downregulated in BD patients. There is a need for more and high-quality studies of peripheral and central TRYCAT levels, preferably using longitudinal designs. 《Tryptophan catabolites in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid)Category: copper-catalyst.
Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”