In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Kynurenic acid electrochemical immunosensor: blood-based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, published in 2021, which mentions a compound: 492-27-3, mainly applied to Alzheimer’s disease (AD); blood analysis; chronoamperometry (CA); electrochemical biosensor; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); immunosensor; in vitro diagnosis (IVD); kynurenic acid (KYNA); point of care diagnosis (PoC), Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a functional deterioration of the brain. Currently, there are selected biomarkers for its diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid. However, its extraction has several disadvantages for the patient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a detection method using sensitive and selective blood-based biomarkers. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a potential biomarker candidate for this purpose. The alteration of the KYNA levels in blood has been related with inflammatory processes in the brain, produced as a protective function when neurons are damaged. This paper describes a novel electrochem. immunosensor for KYNA detection, based on successive functionalization multi-electrode array. The resultant sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The proposed biosensor detects KYNA within a linear calibration range from 10 pM to 100 nM using CA and EIS, obtaining a limit of detection (LOD) of 16.9 pM and 37.6 pM in buffer, resp., being the lowest reported LOD for this biomarker. Moreover, to assess our device closer to the real application, the developed immunosensor was also tested under human serum matrix, obtaining an LOD of 391.71 pM for CA and 278.8 pM for EIS with diluted serum.
Compound(492-27-3)Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid received a lot of attention, and I have introduced some compounds in other articles, similar to this compound(4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid), if you are interested, you can check out my other related articles.
Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”