Tag: 200-300

Synthetic Route of Br2CuIn 2019 ,《Redox-switchable atom transfer radical polymerization》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom). The article was written by Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Lorandi, Francesca; Fantin, Marco; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. The article contains the following contents:

Temporal control in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) relies on modulating the oxidation state of a copper catalyst, as polymer chains are activated by L/CuI and deactivated by L/CuII. (Re)generation of L/CuI activator has been achieved by applying a multitude of external stimuli. However, switching the Cu catalyst off by oxidizing to L/CuII through external chem. stimuli has not yet been investigated. A redox switchable ATRP was developed in which an oxidizing agent was used to oxidize L/CuI activator to L/CuII, thus halting the polymerization A ferrocenium salt or oxygen were used to switch off the Cu catalyst, whereas ascorbic acid was used to switch the catalyst on by (re)generating L/CuI. The redox switches efficiently modulated the oxidation state of the catalyst without sacrificing control over polymerization The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Synthetic Route of Br2Cu)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Crystal structure of bis(acetylacetonato-κ2O,O′)-(ethanolamine-κ2N,O)copper(II), C14H25CuNO5》 was published in Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographie – New Crystal Structures in 2020. These research results belong to Lo, Kong Mun; Lee, See Mun; Tiekink, Edward R. T.. Safety of Bis(acetylacetone)copper The article mentions the following:

C14H25CuNO5, triclinic, P1[n.772] (number 2), a = 7.7319(3) Å, b = 9.9198(5) Å, c = 11.6827(5) Å, α = 81.866(4)°, β = 75.576(4)°, γ = 74.562(4)°, V = 833.78(7) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0287, wRref(F2) = 0.0807, T = 100(2) K. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9Safety of Bis(acetylacetone)copper)

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) catalyzes coupling and carbene transfer reactions. Metal acetylacetonates are used as catalysts for polymerization of olefins and transesterification. Safety of Bis(acetylacetone)copper

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Synthetic Route of Br2CuIn 2019 ,《What happens in the dark? Assessing the temporal control of photo-mediated controlled radical polymerizations》 was published in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry. The article was written by Dolinski, Neil D.; Page, Zachariah A.; Discekici, Emre H.; Meis, David; Lee, In-Hwan; Jones, Glen R.; Whitfield, Richard; Pan, Xiangcheng; McCarthy, Blaine G.; Shanmugam, Sivaprakash; Kottisch, Veronika; Fors, Brett P.; Boyer, Cyrille; Miyake, Garret M.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; Haddleton, David M.; de Alaniz, Javier Read; Anastasaki, Athina; Hawker, Craig J.. The article contains the following contents:

In this study, PET-RAFT, Cu-free ATRP, and Cu-mediated RDRP systems were selected as representative examples of photo-CRP methods. To facilitate an unbiased comparison across techniques, irradiation conditions were held constant (equivalent photon flux) and polymerization conditions, such as monomer concentration and targeted d.p., were fixed at 33 weight % and DP = 150. Temporal control experiments were also carried out with equal “”on”” and “”off”” times targeting conversions of 4̃0% with an initial “”off”” period conducted to establish a baseline before exposure to light. After reading the article, we found that the author used Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Synthetic Route of Br2Cu)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Synthetic Route of Br2Cu

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

In 2019,Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Lyra, Emerson P.; Petzhold, Cesar L.; Lona, Liliane M. F.. HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9. The article was titled 《Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and ascorbic acid as reducing agents in solution ARGET ATRP: A kinetic study approach by mathematical modeling and simulation》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The mechanism of activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) associated with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has attracted attention because of the transition metal catalyst reduction in the conventional ATRP process. In this paper, a comprehensive math. model for solution ARGET ATRP technique is presented, following a distinct approach, in which reaction kinetics for the reducing agent is detailed. Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and ascorbic acid were studied as reducing agents with copper(II) halide complex as a catalyst, and the ARGET mechanism for both of them was proposed and validated with exptl. data available in the literature. The kinetic rate constants for such reducing agents (kr) were obtained by an optimization algorithm, and the mol. weights and dispersity were predicted using the method of moments. The higher the initial concentrations of copper (II) halide complex and reducing agent, the higher the number-average mol. weight and the lower the dispersity. Simulation results also confirm that the initial concentration of copper(II) halide complex is a critical parameter with higher sensitivity than the reducing agent in solution ARGET ATRP process. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.HPLC of Formula: 7789-45-9

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Investigating Temporal Control in Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization》 was written by Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Lee, In-Hwan; Anastasaki, Athina; Lorandi, Francesca; Narupai, Benjaporn; Dolinski, Neil D.; Allegrezza, Michael L.; Fantin, Marco; Konkolewicz, Dominik; Hawker, Craig J.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. Reference of Cupric bromide And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

External regulation of controlled polymerizations allows for controlling the kinetics of the polymerization and gaining spatial or temporal control over polymer growth. In photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), light irradiation (re)generates the copper catalyst to switch the polymerization on. However, removing the light does not immediately inactivate the catalyst, nor does the rate of polymerization become zero as chains may grow in the dark because of continued activation by the residual activator catalyst or regeneration of the Cu catalyst in the dark. In this paper, the effect of polymerization components on photoinduced ATRP was investigated to understand the interplay of temporal control and light switching. Kinetics of polymerization were monitored using in situ NMR as well as under conventional batch conditions. The extent of the polymerization in the dark depended on the activity of the Cu catalyst, which was regulated by the nature of the ligand and reaction medium. For highly active catalysts, the equilibrium concentration of the L/CuI activator is very low, and it was rapidly depleted by radical termination reactions, yielding temporal control which closely matched the switching of light to on or off. Decreasing the activity of the Cu catalyst increased the equilibrium concentration of the activator, leading to significant chain growth in the dark. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The author of 《Atom Transfer Coupling Reactions Performed With Benign Reducing Agents and Radical Traps》 were Xia, Katherine; Rubaie, Alia J.; Johnson, Brendan P.; Parker, Samantha A.; Tillman, Eric S.. And the article was published in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry in 2019. Reference of Cupric bromide The author mentioned the following in the article:

Monobrominated polystyrene (PSBr) was prepared by ATRP, and the resulting chain ends were activated in the presence of radical traps to induce chain end-coupling. In atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) with radical trap assistance, to achieve significant coupling requires excess metal catalyst, ligand, and a reducing agent that is often addnl. metal. In this work, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) and radical trap assistance are used in the ATRC sequence to successfully lead to chain-end coupling without the need for the oxidatively unstable copper (I) and with environmentally friendlier agents in place of copper metal. High extents of coupling (Xc) were achieved using ascorbic acid (AA) as the reducing agent and copper(II) bromide as the oxidized version of the catalyst, and when combined with AGET ATRP to prepare the PSBr precursor, only a fraction of the total metal was required compared to traditional atom transfer reactions, while still retaining similar Xc values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) can be used as reducing agent, when complexed by three molecules of pyridine initiators for the controlled polymerization of styrene, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Jana, Rajkumar; Datta, Ayan; Malik, Sudip published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Tuning intermediate adsorption in structurally ordered substituted PdCu3 intermetallic nanoparticles for enhanced ethanol oxidation reaction》, and you may find the article in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom).Category: copper-catalyst The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Co and Ni-substituted structurally ordered intermetallic PdCu3 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized at low temperature exhibit remarkable enhancement of the ethanol electrooxidation (EOR) activity with improved durability. The first-principle calculations suggest that prompted generation of OH and CH3CO radicals in close proximity and shifting of the d-band center towards the Fermi level boost the EOR efficiency. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9Category: copper-catalyst)

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) catalyzes coupling and carbene transfer reactions. Metal acetylacetonates are used as catalysts for polymerization of olefins and transesterification. Category: copper-catalyst

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Bootharaju, Megalamane S.; Lee, Sanghwa; Deng, Guocheng; Malola, Sami; Baek, Woonhyuk; Haekkinen, Hannu; Zheng, Nanfeng; Hyeon, Taeghwan published their research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021. The article was titled 《Ag44(EBT)26(TPP)4 Nanoclusters With Tailored Molecular and Electronic Structure》.Category: copper-catalyst The article contains the following contents:

Although atomically precise metalloid nanoclusters (NCs) of identical size with distinctly different mol. structures are highly desirable to understand the structural effects on the optical and photophys. properties, their synthesis remains highly challenging. Herein, we employed phosphine and thiol capping ligands featuring appropriate steric effects and synthesized a charge-neutral Ag NC with the formula Ag44(EBT)26(TPP)4 (EBT: 2-ethylbenzenethiolate; TPP: triphenylphosphine). The single-crystal X-ray structure reveals that this NC has a hollow metal core of Ag12@Ag20 and a metal-ligand shell of Ag12(EBT)26(TPP)4. The presence of mixed ligands and long V-shaped metal-ligand motifs on this NC has resulted in an enhancement of the NIR-II photoluminescence quantum yield by >25-fold compared to an all-thiolate-stabilized anionic [Ag44(SR)30]4- NC (SR: thiolate). Time-dependent d.-functional calculations show that our Ag44 NC is an 18-electron superatom with a modulated electronic structure as compared to the [Ag44(SR)30]4- anion, significantly influencing its optical properties. After reading the article, we found that the author used Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9Category: copper-catalyst)

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) is used as PVC stabilizer, and curing agents for epoxy resins, acrylic adhesives and silicone rubbers. It is also used as solvents, lubricant additives, paint drier, and pesticides.Category: copper-catalyst

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

《Understanding the Relationship between Catalytic Activity and Termination in photoATRP: Synthesis of Linear and Bottlebrush Polyacrylates》 was written by Martinez, Michael R.; Sobieski, Julian; Lorandi, Francesca; Fantin, Marco; Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad; Xie, Guojun; Olszewski, Mateusz; Pan, Xiangcheng; Ribelli, Thomas G.; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. Reference of Cupric bromide And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Linear and bottlebrush polyacrylates were prepared by photomediated atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) catalyzed by either CuBr2/TPMA (tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) or the more active CuBr2/TPMA*3 (tris([(4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl)-2-pyridyl] methyl)amine). The latter had a lower rate constant of photoreduction (kred) but unexpectedly enabled faster polymerization Kinetic simulations showed that the equilibrium concentration of a Br-CuII/L deactivator was larger for CuBr2/TPMA*3, resulting in a faster reduction rate (Rred ∝ kred[Br-CuII/L]) and higher radical concentration At the same time, the low [CuI/TPMA*3] counterweighed its high tendency to promote catalyzed radical termination (CRT), and the CRT rate was similar for the two catalytic systems. Kinetic simulations proved that (i) relative reaction rates cannot be predicted by the rate constant alone as exhibited by the relative amount of CuI and CuII species mediated by catalyst activity and termination selectivity and (ii) the polymerization steady state is reached faster with more active catalysts. With this understanding, polyacrylate bottlebrushes were synthesized at moderately high conversion by photoATRP. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9Reference of Cupric bromide)

Some reported applications of Cupric bromide(cas: 7789-45-9) are: catalyst in cross coupling reactions; co-catalyst in Sonogashira coupling; lewis acid in enantioselective addition of alkynes.Reference of Cupric bromide

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The author of 《Stabilization of dispersed CuPd bimetallic alloy nanoparticles on ZIF-8 for photoreduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution》 were Zhang, Yifan; Park, Soo-Jin. And the article was published in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2019. COA of Formula: C10H16CuO4 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Nowadays, the Chromium (Cr(VI)) pollution is regarded as a serious threat to both the human health and environment. Therefore, developing an efficient catalyst to remove this pollution is an urgent task. As we know, photocatalytic degradation performance of Cr(VI) is severely hampered owing to its highly recombination efficiency of electrons and holes and lower adsorption activity. In this paper, bimetallic alloy nanoparticles decorated on ZIF-8 were synthesized using a sol-gel method for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution The CuPd@ZIF-8 catalyst was characterized in terms of sp. surface area, surface morphol., and optical response using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, Raman spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SEM (SEM), XPS, sp. surface area and UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) spectrum. The as-obtained CuPd@ZIF-8 catalyst exhibited excellent photoreduction activity for the reduction of Cr (VI), compared to that of pristine ZIF-8 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the CuPd@ZIF-8 catalyst containing 5 wt% CuPd bimetallic nanoparticles showed the highest photocatalytic activity, where 89% reduction of Cr(VI) (20 ppm) reduction was achieved within 60 min. The as prepared CuPd@ZIF-8 catalyst provided a high sp. surface area and charge transfer rate, which impeded the recombination of the generated electrons and holes. Moreover, the stability of the CuPd@ZIF-8 catalyst was tested and photocatalytic activity was maintained at 90% after four cycles. In addition, the proposed mechanism is explained thoroughly.Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9COA of Formula: C10H16CuO4) was used in this study.

Bis(acetylacetone)copper(cas: 13395-16-9) is used as PVC stabilizer, and curing agents for epoxy resins, acrylic adhesives and silicone rubbers. It is also used as solvents, lubricant additives, paint drier, and pesticides.COA of Formula: C10H16CuO4

Referemce:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”